How do, sum, 'sum' and np.sum differ, under the bonnet, here:
df.agg(x=('A', sum), y=('B', 'sum'), z=('C', np.sum))
as the output would, arguably, be identical,
adapted from here:
https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.aggregate.html
df.agg(x=('A', max), y=('B', 'min'), z=('C', np.mean))
A B C
x 7.0 NaN NaN
y NaN 2.0 NaN
z NaN NaN 6.0
My guess is that the latter of the three is linked to Numpy and the first two may be linked to Python (and/or Pandas), but that's just a rough, un-educated first guess... it would be interesting to know what the single apostrophe signifies here in this context.