What is the shortest way to get n-th column of an output?

Question

Let's say that during your workday you repeatedly encounter the following form of columnized output from some command in bash (in my case from executing svn st in my Rails working directory):

?       changes.patch
M       app/models/superman.rb
A       app/models/superwoman.rb

in order to work with the output of your command - in this case the filenames - some sort of parsing is required so that the second column can be used as input for the next command.

What I've been doing is to use awk to get at the second column, e.g. when I want to remove all files (not that that's a typical usecase :), I would do:

svn st | awk '{print $2}' | xargs rm

Since I type this a lot, a natural question is: is there a shorter (thus cooler) way of accomplishing this in bash?

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What I am asking is essentially a shell command question even though my concrete example is on my svn workflow.

Answer 1

You can use cut to access the second field:

cut -f2

Edit: Sorry, didn't realise that SVN doesn't use tabs in its output, so that's a bit useless. You can tailor cut to the output but it's a bit fragile - something like cut -c 10- would work, but the exact value will depend on your setup.

Another option is something like: sed 's/.\s\+//'

Answer 2

To accomplish the same thing as:

svn st | awk '{print $2}' | xargs rm

using only bash you can use:

svn st | while read a b; do rm "$b"; done

Granted, it's not shorter, but it's a bit more efficient and it handles whitespace in your filenames correctly.

Answer 3

I found myself in the same situation and ended up adding these aliases to my .profile file:

alias c1="awk '{print \$1}'"
alias c2="awk '{print \$2}'"
alias c3="awk '{print \$3}'"
alias c4="awk '{print \$4}'"
alias c5="awk '{print \$5}'"
alias c6="awk '{print \$6}'"
alias c7="awk '{print \$7}'"
alias c8="awk '{print \$8}'"
alias c9="awk '{print \$9}'"

Which allows me to write things like this:

svn st | c2 | xargs rm

Answer 4

Try the zsh. It supports suffix alias, so you can define X in your .zshrc to be

alias -g X="| cut -d' ' -f2"

then you can do:

cat file X

You can take it one step further and define it for the nth column:

alias -g X2="| cut -d' ' -f2"
alias -g X1="| cut -d' ' -f1"
alias -g X3="| cut -d' ' -f3"

which will output the nth column of file "file". You can do this for grep output or less output, too. This is very handy and a killer feature of the zsh.

You can go one step further and define D to be:

alias -g D="|xargs rm"

Now you can type:

cat file X1 D

to delete all files mentioned in the first column of file "file".

If you know the bash, the zsh is not much of a change except for some new features.

HTH Chris

Answer 5

Because you seem to be unfamiliar with scripts, here is an example.

#!/bin/sh
# usage: svn st | x 2 | xargs rm
col=$1
shift
awk -v col="$col" '{print $col}' "${@--}"

If you save this in ~/bin/x and make sure ~/bin is in your PATH (now that is something you can and should put in your .bashrc) you have the shortest possible command for generally extracting column n; x n.

The script should do proper error checking and bail if invoked with a non-numeric argument or the incorrect number of arguments, etc; but expanding on this bare-bones essential version will be in unit 102.

Maybe you will want to extend the script to allow a different column delimiter. Awk by default parses input into fields on whitespace; to use a different delimiter, use -F ':' where : is the new delimiter. Implementing this as an option to the script makes it slightly longer, so I'm leaving that as an exercise for the reader.

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Usage

Given a file file:

1 2 3
4 5 6

You can either pass it via stdin (using a useless cat merely as a placeholder for something more useful);

$ cat file | sh script.sh 2
2
5

Or provide it as an argument to the script:

$ sh script.sh 2 file
2
5

Here, sh script.sh is assuming that the script is saved as script.sh in the current directory; if you save it with a more useful name somewhere in your PATH and mark it executable, as in the instructions above, obviously use the useful name instead (and no sh). In the example above, I called it x just to make the shortest possible solution.

Answer 6

It looks like you already have a solution. To make things easier, why not just put your command in a bash script (with a short name) and just run that instead of typing out that 'long' command every time?

Answer 7

If you are ok with manually selecting the column, you could be very fast using pick:

svn st | pick | xargs rm

Just go to any cell of the 2nd column, press c and then hit enter

Answer 8

Note, that file path does not have to be in second column of svn st output. For example if you modify file, and modify it's property, it will be 3rd column.

See possible output examples in:

svn help st

Example output:

 M     wc/bar.c
A  +   wc/qax.c

I suggest to cut first 8 characters by:

svn st | cut -c8- | while read FILE; do echo whatever with "$FILE"; done

If you want to be 100% sure, and deal with fancy filenames with white space at the end for example, you need to parse xml output:

svn st --xml | grep -o 'path=".*"' | sed 's/^path="//; s/"$//'

Of course you may want to use some real XML parser instead of grep/sed.