Question

I got an error of

raise URLError(err)
      urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)>

Then I saw a solution from Scraping: SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED error for http://en.wikipedia.org (click the certificate file). However it occurs an error. I've tried to upgrade pip and add --user after install the module, but still failed.

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Installing collected packages: certifi
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages)

[notice] A new release of pip available: 22.1.2 -> 22.2.1
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 44, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 24, in main
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 364, in check_call
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin/python3.8', '-E', '-s', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'certifi']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
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Edit I try to do something, the above error is disappeared, but it shows another error

ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi' Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

I know that I can add user in the last(e.g. pip3 install module --user), but this is the one to click the files, not typing the command. Then how to do it?

I appreciate all your help. Thanks

it shows problem with `_ssl.c` and this can means C/C++ library `OpenSSL` which you have to download and install on your own - it is NOT python module. Page [OpenSSL.org](https://www.openssl.org/) — furas, Jul 31 '22 at 16:31
@furas, does it mean i need to download OpenSSL module in python? — M.pillow, Jul 31 '22 at 16:42
it is NOT python module but C/C++ library (and `urllib` and other Python modules may use them) but you have you download new version and reinstall it in system on your own (not using `pip`). — furas, Jul 31 '22 at 16:49
as I said it is NOT python module - virttual environment is totally useless for non-python liraries. — furas, Jul 31 '22 at 16:53
ok, so just doing in ```name@MMforfunmac2 ~ % pip3 install pyOpenSSL```? — M.pillow, Jul 31 '22 at 16:58
`pyOpenSSL` is only python wrapper on C/C++ library `OpenSSL` but it still may need to install newer version of `OpenSSL`. Module `pyOpenSSL` may not install it. — furas, Jul 31 '22 at 17:09
@furas, I installed ```brew install openssl```. But I am confuse about it now. — M.pillow, Jul 31 '22 at 17:20
I am in python environment, so the way is to install ```pyOpenSSL``` instead of ```OpenSSL```, right? — M.pillow, Jul 31 '22 at 17:21
you are wrong. `OpenSSL` is NOT replacement of `pyOpenSSL`. `pyOpenSSL` is wrapper on `OpenSSL` and you need both. it works as `your code -> pyOpenSSL (Python module) -> OpenSSL (C/C++ library) -> system` — furas, Jul 31 '22 at 20:29
OH,okay. I installed all of it. But I got an error of ```ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi' Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions. ``` — M.pillow, Aug 01 '22 at 01:16
I know that I can add user in the last(e.g. pip3 install module --user), but this is the one to click the files, not typing the command. Then how to do it? — M.pillow, Aug 01 '22 at 01:17
@furas You mean ```sudo pip3 install certifi```? I've tried it but still failed — M.pillow, Aug 01 '22 at 01:35
do you exactly the same error when you run with sudo? If you have different error then you have different problem. — furas, Aug 01 '22 at 09:23

OneCricketeer · Answer 1 · 2022-08-01T18:09:19.917

0

You're trying to install packages into your System Python. Don't do this. Create a virtualenv for your project, then install libraries into that

python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install --user -U pip certifi
python app.py # run your code

edited Aug 01 '22 at 18:09

answered Jul 31 '22 at 16:20

OneCricketeer

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Cool, so do i need to do all the things inside the venv environment? – M.pillow Jul 31 '22 at 16:31
I built a virtual envi. like this ```(venv) name@MMforfunmac2 ~ % ```, but I got the same error when i type pip install XXX – M.pillow Jul 31 '22 at 16:36
The error should no longer include `/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages` since it should use the local environment... Did you try with `--user` again? – OneCricketeer Aug 01 '22 at 16:47

1 Answers1