Using mydf
from your example:
mydf <- data.frame(anim1, anim2, anim3)
Stack the data:
sdf <- stack(mydf)
Then compute the unique elements using unique()
uni <- unique(sdf[, "values"])
and then this will get them a new animal id
new_id <- as.numeric(as.factor(sort(uni)))
which would give:
> new_id
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
However that is totally trivial; seq_along(uni)
gets you there far more easily. So I wonder if you want
newdf <- data.frame(anim = sort(uni), new_id = seq_along(uni))
merge(sdf, newdf, by.x = "values", by.y = "anim")
which gives:
> merge(sdf, newdf, by.x = "values", by.y = "anim")
values ind new_id
1 1456 anim1 1
2 1456 anim1 1
3 2569 anim1 2
4 3215 anim3 3
5 4587 anim1 4
6 4587 anim3 4
7 5489 anim1 5
8 6531 anim2 6
9 6531 anim2 6
10 6548 anim3 7
11 6987 anim2 8
12 6987 anim2 8
13 7894 anim3 9
14 8542 anim3 10
15 15487 anim2 11
There is an amount of ambiguity in your Question which could be alleviated by giving an expected result/output.