These are likely already in a format you can use:
julia> using Dates
julia> t = parse(DateTime, "2019-03-01T02:46:44.658")
2019-03-01T02:46:44.658
So, as for the derivative, do you mean as in the algebraic derivative? You can get the milliseconds as an integer from the value:
julia> Int(t.instant.periods.value)
63687091604658
and I suppose you could then get a correlation of some other part of your data with these time numbers and use that to get a sort of derivative, because you would be able to calculate a slope of the curve you fit to the time series. That would give you a change in your data per millisecond, if you did the correlation curve in that way. Is that what you want?