If you're using Briefcase 0.3.10 or newer (which uses Chaquopy to support Python on Android), then you could use the Chaquopy Python API to play audio files using SoundPool
.
For example, the code from this answer could be written in Python as follows:
from android.media import AudioManager, SoundPool
from os.path import dirname, join
soundPool = SoundPool(5, AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 0)
soundId = soundPool.load(join(dirname(__file__), "filename.mp3"), 1)
soundPool.play(soundId, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
This will play the file "filename.mp3" from the same directory as the Python source file.