I'm learning ML with Python based on a book "Introduction to Machine Learning with Python" by Andreas C. Müller & Sarah Guido. So, please forgive if I ask a very basic question. I followed one code below from the book,
mglearn.plots.plot_animal_tree()
in order to produce a figure as attached: enter image description here
I already installed graphviz using command line:
pip install graphviz
and attached the package in jupyter notebook:
import graphviz
However, the issue was still created as below that the figure can not be generated:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\graphviz\backend\execute.py:81, in run_check(cmd, input_lines, encoding, quiet, **kwargs)
80 else:
---> 81 proc = subprocess.run(cmd, **kwargs)
82 except OSError as e:
File D:\Python\lib\subprocess.py:501, in run(input, capture_output, timeout, check, *popenargs, **kwargs)
499 kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE
--> 501 with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
502 try:
File D:\Python\lib\subprocess.py:969, in Popen.__init__(self, args, bufsize, executable, stdin, stdout, stderr, preexec_fn, close_fds, shell, cwd, env, universal_newlines, startupinfo, creationflags, restore_signals, start_new_session, pass_fds, user, group, extra_groups, encoding, errors, text, umask, pipesize)
966 self.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(self.stderr,
967 encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
--> 969 self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
970 pass_fds, cwd, env,
971 startupinfo, creationflags, shell,
972 p2cread, p2cwrite,
973 c2pread, c2pwrite,
974 errread, errwrite,
975 restore_signals,
976 gid, gids, uid, umask,
977 start_new_session)
978 except:
979 # Cleanup if the child failed starting.
File D:\Python\lib\subprocess.py:1438, in Popen._execute_child(self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds, pass_fds, cwd, env, startupinfo, creationflags, shell, p2cread, p2cwrite, c2pread, c2pwrite, errread, errwrite, unused_restore_signals, unused_gid, unused_gids, unused_uid, unused_umask, unused_start_new_session)
1437 try:
-> 1438 hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args,
1439 # no special security
1440 None, None,
1441 int(not close_fds),
1442 creationflags,
1443 env,
1444 cwd,
1445 startupinfo)
1446 finally:
1447 # Child is launched. Close the parent's copy of those pipe
1448 # handles that only the child should have open. You need
(...)
1451 # pipe will not close when the child process exits and the
1452 # ReadFile will hang.
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
ExecutableNotFound Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In [111], line 1
----> 1 mglearn.plots.plot_animal_tree()
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\mglearn\plot_animal_tree.py:25, in plot_animal_tree(ax)
23 mygraph.edge("2", "5", label="True")
24 mygraph.edge("2", "6", label="False")
---> 25 mygraph.render("tmp")
26 ax.imshow(imread("tmp.png"))
27 ax.set_axis_off()
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\graphviz\_tools.py:171, in deprecate_positional_args.<locals>.decorator.<locals>.wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
162 wanted = ', '.join(f'{name}={value!r}'
163 for name, value in deprecated.items())
164 warnings.warn(f'The signature of {func.__name__} will be reduced'
165 f' to {supported_number} positional args'
166 f' {list(supported)}: pass {wanted}'
167 ' as keyword arg(s)',
168 stacklevel=stacklevel,
169 category=category)
--> 171 return func(*args, **kwargs)
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\graphviz\rendering.py:122, in Render.render(self, filename, directory, view, cleanup, format, renderer, formatter, neato_no_op, quiet, quiet_view, outfile, engine, raise_if_result_exists, overwrite_source)
118 filepath = self.save(filename, directory=directory, skip_existing=None)
120 args.append(filepath)
--> 122 rendered = self._render(*args, **kwargs)
124 if cleanup:
125 log.debug('delete %r', filepath)
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\graphviz\_tools.py:171, in deprecate_positional_args.<locals>.decorator.<locals>.wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
162 wanted = ', '.join(f'{name}={value!r}'
163 for name, value in deprecated.items())
164 warnings.warn(f'The signature of {func.__name__} will be reduced'
165 f' to {supported_number} positional args'
166 f' {list(supported)}: pass {wanted}'
167 ' as keyword arg(s)',
168 stacklevel=stacklevel,
169 category=category)
--> 171 return func(*args, **kwargs)
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\graphviz\backend\rendering.py:324, in render(engine, format, filepath, renderer, formatter, neato_no_op, quiet, outfile, raise_if_result_exists, overwrite_filepath)
320 raise exceptions.FileExistsError(f'output file exists: {os.fspath(outfile)!r}')
322 cmd += args
--> 324 execute.run_check(cmd,
325 cwd=filepath.parent if filepath.parent.parts else None,
326 quiet=quiet,
327 capture_output=True)
329 return os.fspath(outfile)
File D:\Python\lib\site-packages\graphviz\backend\execute.py:84, in run_check(cmd, input_lines, encoding, quiet, **kwargs)
82 except OSError as e:
83 if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
---> 84 raise ExecutableNotFound(cmd) from e
85 raise
87 if not quiet and proc.stderr:
ExecutableNotFound: failed to execute WindowsPath('dot'), make sure the Graphviz executables are on your systems' PATH
I searched multiple materials both online and offline, but nothing helped.
So, I highly appreciate if any member could give me a hand of how to sort this out.
Thank you so much and look forward to receiving your help.
