android:exported is still missing in some places. For me the problem was inside a plugin, you have to update/patch those. I had to do it for the social-sharing plugin and patched it with patch-package. If you cannot find it, can you share your android-manifest.xml? (since the android-manifest is inside the platforms folder changing the file itself wont work as it is rebuild every time you build your app, so you need to change it from the config.xml/hooks/patches, see this answer: How to set Android exported for Cordova application)
You can edit your config.xml with edit-config or you can create a custom hook. But I recommend looking at the plugin that causes this first. It is very likely a plugin and they are much easier to fix with a patch, rather than editing your config.xml directly. It is also a solution that is closer to the source of the problem.