The other answers here were not clear to me. This is the way I understand it:
If the plugin code uses a system property for its parameter, then you can define the value on the command line.
There are 3 different ways you can accomplish this in the plugin code:
@parameter expression="${aSystemProperty}"
@parameter default-value="${anExpression}"
@parameter property="aSystemProperty"
If any or a combination of these methods are used in the plugin code for a particular property, then you can specify a value for the plugin parameter, on the command line. Above code was taken from maven docs here.
If you are using a plugin with the above code, you could specify a value for your property using the following command:
mvn -DaSystemProperty=my-value <goal-here>