base on what you've given in your Environments and intent there are still a bit of pieces missing that could be in play and further affects your development plan. first off in regards to the Error code
according to an answer in MS Q&A 1 month after your posting time, and i quote:
The error message "Could not create DTS.Application because of error 0x80040154" indicates that the COM object for SSIS is not registered on the remote server. This can occur if the SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) feature is not installed on the remote server, or if the version of the SSIS feature on the remote server is different than the version used to create the SSIS package.
aside from a likelihood of missing COM assemblies like Microsoft.Office.Excel.Interops , since you did not mentioned what exactly your DTSX are setup to run and do what, below are all considered and assumed in your case:
- by meaning of remote executing, you're remote desktop connected to a VM machine and are operating locally in said remote VM.
- dtsx involves a Script Task that do open excel workbooks for modifying contents (e.g. removing first rows of data after header row)
- dtsx had both Excel Source and Destination involved
- no variables involvement with the parameters, filename etc.
- RDC Machines that executes the dtsx had side by side installation of VS2017/19 (w/ SSIS ,SSDT), and VS2022 (w/SSIS,SSDT)
- RDC Machines was installed with a 32bit Microsoft Access Database Engine only,
- 64bit version Microsoft Access Database Engine was not installed(or installed using cmd /slient workaround)
as in similar scenarios with you,first thing came off my mind were that the excel connection manager was using old Jet4.0 or 32bit version ACE12.0 engine, which, since VS2022 only able to execute with 64bit assemblies, your DFT would have a big fat red cross over it on the Excel source/destination complaining no 64bit ACE engine not found and recommend you run the DTSX in 32bit mode, and when debug run in VS, it did fails with error complaining pretty much the same thing.
2nd thing ,of your runtime results pasted in question , it is clear the Command was pointing the 64bit version of DTExec.exe to run the dtsx,but as aforementioned, it is unclear whether your local DTSX were fully adjusted that all parts are 64bit compliant.
it would benefits you test run the dtsx with 32bit DTexec.exe via CMD as well.
although sounds redundant since your file was from VS2017 created project and would have worked, try run with /Reporting V or /Reporting E options with both 32/64bit DTEXEC and compare the outputs to pinpoint your exact issue on your case . (if you only ever wanted the cause of death E would probably be enough, though verbose is excessive in information but may tells you which exact tasks of the dtsx was the bit it failed)