The 'user' networking backend is provided by the 'slirp' library; you get this message when the QEMU binary was built without slirp support compiled in.
As noted in the 7.2 changelog, QEMU no longer ships a copy of the slirp module with its sources. Instead you need to make sure you have installed your distro's libslirp development package (which is probably called libslirp-devel or libslirp-dev or something similar) before configuring and building QEMU. You need at least libslirp 4.7 or better.
QEMU's configure convention for optional features which require some build-time dependency is:
- by default, check for the dependency, and build in the feature if we find it
- if --enable-foo is passed, check for the dependency, and fail configure with an error if it is missing
- if --disable-foo is passed, don't check, and never build in the feature
So you can pass configure --enable-slirp
to force it to give you an error if you haven't got the dependency, as a way of checking that you've installed the right system package for libslirp.