Polarion does not support queries to historical data. So it is not possible to ask Polarion via Lucene-query when a field changed its value.
You can search through history via API, but this is a potential performance hole: The API will always return the complete history of the item in question. If you have 10000 commits on it, you will receive 10000 entries in a list (which you need to search through).
However, for status changes there is an easy workaround: you can use the workflow actions to auto-fill dates and previous states (or anything else) into hidden custom fields. Then you can query those fields.
There is a build-in function called Changed Field documented here to record the date.