recognition DataIntegrityViolationException

Question

@ControllerAdvice
public class RestExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(DataIntegrityViolationException.class)
    protected ResponseEntity<ApiErrorDTO> handleDataIntegrityViolation(DataIntegrityViolationException ex) {
        logger.error("handle DataIntegrityViolationException:", ex);
        String message = ... // ???
        return new ApiErrorDTO(message);
    }

}

How to determine correctly which type of error was the cause of this exception?

I need to at least distinguish the violation of database integrity constraints from the insertion of duplicates

I'am found information about SQLExceptionTranslator, but I don't understand how I can use it? I need help with this