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I made a small RDF graph that looks as follows:

@prefix ex: http://example.org/ . 
@prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# .

ex:a a ex:C, ex:S .

ex:C rdfs:subClassOf ex:D .

ex:D rdfs:subClassOf ex:E .

Now I am confused if I could call my RDF graph a knowledge graph as well or an Ontology. I tried to read various sources and those did not help me clear up my confusion.

izolveidon
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    Does this answer your question? [Difference between knowledge graphs and ontologies](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72848400/difference-between-knowledge-graphs-and-ontologies) – Bergi Jul 14 '23 at 16:10
  • @Bergi I've seen the post before, but I still wanted to double check if the RDF graph that I made can qualify as a knowledge graph. – izolveidon Jul 14 '23 at 17:10
  • Sure, why do you think it wouldn't qualify? Although there's not much knowledge in your example, the entities don't even have labels. – Bergi Jul 14 '23 at 17:29
  • I deliberately did not add labels because I am trying to analyse a reasoning algorithm that I made by myself, which carries out the reasoning process based on the given graph. Now that I am writing my report about my reasoning algorithm, I was confused if my RDF graph can even be called a knowledge graph. Hence, I posted the question. – izolveidon Jul 14 '23 at 17:54

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The current scientific definition of the term 'Knowledge Graph' is from the Hogan et al. paper and says:

[...] a graph of data intended to accumulate and convey knowledge of the real world, whose nodes represent entities of interest and whose edges represent potentially different relations between these entities.

This is a quite inclusive definition and includes RDF Graphs. The linked paper talks about that in Section 2.

Your example is therefore a RDF Graph and a Knowledge Graph.

Regarding the term 'Ontology', the two subClassOf statements

ex:C rdfs:subClassOf ex:D .

ex:D rdfs:subClassOf ex:E .

would be part of an ontology (T-Box) that describe a schema for data.

The statements

ex:a a ex:C, ex:S .

would be instance data (A-box) using the ontology to describe the individual 'ex:a'.

It is fine to include both the ontology and instance data in one graph. However, I would be hesitant to call the short example you posted a fleshed out ontology as there are for example no properties and no metadata about the ontology.

DHen
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