The most specific claim of knowing what this does comes from Cloudflare.
This change will prevent certain instructions with complex side
effects like vzeroupper from being speculatively executed.
That is not very specific, and we can deduce with some certainty that AMD has not released more specific documentation, as major players have a wildly different way of portraying what is even happening. e.g. Amazon was initially misclassifying the original bug as a side channel and recommends to never rely on their instances to be capable of enforcing internal security boundaries anyway.
The Linux kernel maintainers reveal little more than describing it as a fallback fix, see linux/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
#define MSR_AMD64_DE_CFG 0xc0011029
#define MSR_AMD64_DE_CFG_LFENCE_SERIALIZE_BIT 1
#define MSR_AMD64_DE_CFG_LFENCE_SERIALIZE BIT_ULL(MSR_AMD64_DE_CFG_LFENCE_SERIALIZE_BIT)
#define MSR_AMD64_DE_CFG_ZEN2_FP_BACKUP_FIX_BIT 9
RedHat and Microsoft keep mostly quiet, I suspect some information from their side will become public when they are done addressing the impact.