System.currentTimeMillis() returns "the difference, measured in milliseconds, between the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC." (i.e. GMT).
So the "Date" 1317322560000 you have, is 29/09/2011:18:56:00 GMT. In Italy, on 29th Sep the offset from GMT is +2 hours (because of "summer time" or technically speaking DST = Daylight Saving Time). From 30/10/2011:03:00:00 (next sunday by the way), in Italy they will be in "winter time" (no DST), so the offset will be +1).
So you correctly get Thu Sep 29 20:56:00 CEST 2011 (18:56:00 + 2 hours offset in Italy's time zone). Please check this code that shows all this stuff (it is Groovy).
import java.text.DateFormat
import java.util.TimeZone
println Locale.getDefault()
Date d = new Date(1317322560000)
println d
Locale.setDefault(new Locale("it", "IT"))
println Locale.getDefault()
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL);
println df.getTimeZone().getOffset(1317322560000) + " => +2h offset in 'summer time' (DST on)"
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+00:00"))
println df.format(d)
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+01:00"))
println df.format(d)
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+02:00"))
println df.format(d)
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Rome"))
println df.format(d)
println "---"
Date winterDate = new Date(1321382560000)
println winterDate
println df.getTimeZone().getOffset(1321382560000) + " => +1h offset in 'winter time' (DST off)"
The result of this:
es_ES
Thu Sep 29 20:56:00 CEST 2011
it_IT
7200000 => +2h offset in 'summer time' (DST on)
giovedì 29 settembre 2011 18.56.00 GMT+00:00
giovedì 29 settembre 2011 19.56.00 GMT+01:00
giovedì 29 settembre 2011 20.56.00 GMT+02:00
giovedì 29 settembre 2011 20.56.00 CEST
---
Tue Nov 15 19:42:40 CET 2011
3600000 => +1h offset in 'winter time' (DST off)