The question asks whether jsdom attemp to fetch a resource identified by the URL http://server.local:3000/jquery/jquery.min.js' and then execute (add the javascript functions in the fetched file (jquery.min.js) into the window object context of the jsdom DOM object. In effect, we'er trying to what a web broweser does when it would read and parse the tag and simulate the loading of jQuery library into the jsdom DOM 'window' object.
The workaround fetches the jquery.min.js library from the filesystems using Node's fs module, but not as a HTTP FETCH request. As the workaround code clearly shows, the jQuery library is read as a file into an array and then the array is passed to the jsdom function directly and not as a jsdom DOM window object.
In the jsdom documentation on GitHub, there is a snippet of code and an explanation of how to do a HTTP verb GET request from a URL into a DOM window object created by the jsdom module (see below). It follows the same pattern as an AJAX request, which is what you would expect. Yes the work around gets the jQuery library from the file system where the sever files reside. However, this is NOT an actually 'work around' to a problem in jsdom, but solves a slighly different use case where the URL is replaced by the file system reference (filename/directory) to the jQuery file.
const dom = new JSDOM(``, {
url: "https://example.org/",
referrer: "https://example.com/",
contentType: "text/html",
includeNodeLocations: true,
storageQuota: 10000000
});