All the answers prior to mine did not give really an answer.
Let us think on a potential solution.
There is a more or less standard approach for counting something in a container.
We can use an associative container like a std::map or a std::unordered_map. And here we associate a "key", in this case the word, to a count, with a value, in this case the count of the specific word.
And luckily the maps have a very nice index operator[]. This will look for the given key and, if found, return a reference to the value. If not found, then it will create a new entry with the key and return a reference to the new entry. So, in both cases, we will get a reference to the value used for counting. And then we can simply write:
std::unordered_map<char,int> counter{};
counter[word]++;
And that looks really intuitive.
After this operation, you have already the frequency table. Either sorted by the key (the word), by using a std::map or unsorted, but faster accessible with a std::unordered_map.
Now you want to sort according to the frequency/count. Unfortunately this is not possible with maps.
Therefore we need to use a second container, like a ```std::vector`````which we then can sort unsing std::sort for any given predicate, or, we can copy the values into a container, like a std::multiset that implicitely orders its elements.
For getting out the words of a std::string we simply use a std::istringstream and the standard extraction operator >>. No big deal at all.
And because writing all this long names for the std containers, we create alias names, with the using keyword.
After all this, we now write ultra compact code and fulfill the task with just a few lines of code:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <utility>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <type_traits>
#include <iomanip>
// ------------------------------------------------------------
// Create aliases. Save typing work and make code more readable
using Pair = std::pair<std::string, unsigned int>;
// Standard approach for counter
using Counter = std::unordered_map<Pair::first_type, Pair::second_type>;
// Sorted values will be stored in a multiset
struct Comp { bool operator ()(const Pair& p1, const Pair& p2) const { return (p1.second == p2.second) ? p1.first<p2.first : p1.second>p2.second; } };
using Rank = std::multiset<Pair, Comp>;
// ------------------------------------------------------------
std::istringstream text{ " 4444 55555 1 22 4444 333 55555 333 333 4444 4444 55555 55555 55555 22 "};
int main() {
Counter counter;
// Count
for (std::string word{}; text >> word; counter[word]++);
// Sort
Rank rank(counter.begin(), counter.end());
// Output
for (const auto& [word, count] : rank) std::cout << std::setw(15) << word << " : " << count << '\n';
}
