As I understand it, the default DPI setting for Android is equivalent to MDPI. Is there any reason to have both drawable and drawable-mdpi folders, or would it work the same if I just put them in drawable?
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The drawable/ folder is the most general folder. Mdpi res devices will use the drawable-mdpi directory first, hdpi devices will look in drawable-hdpi, etc.
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#AlternativeResources
Android will look for the most specific resource it can get before falling back to the drawable/ folder.

HoratioCain
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3So if they're both the same, it's better to leave off the specifier, right? That way, Android will use them as a fallback for things other than MDPI too. – Lesleh Jan 05 '12 at 23:47
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1Right, if you have one resource like a background tile for all resolutions, throw it in drawable/. If later on you decide you want a bigger one for hdpi, you can add that one to drawable-hdpi. No need for a copy in mdpi unless you wanted to add one specific for mdpi devices. – HoratioCain Jan 06 '12 at 00:48