I have a coordinate region that I have determined contains the limits of what I want to show for my app. I have set this up as an MKCoordinateRegion with center point lat, longitude and a span. How do I determine if the current userLocation is inside of my coordinate region?
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Use map rects. Here's an example using the map's current visible rect. With regards to your question, you could use convertRegion:toRectToView:
to first convert your region to a MKMapRect
beforehand.
MKMapPoint userPoint = MKMapPointForCoordinate(mapView.userLocation.location.coordinate);
MKMapRect mapRect = mapView.visibleMapRect;
BOOL inside = MKMapRectContainsPoint(mapRect, userPoint);

firstresponder
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Ha, funny to get an answer so much later! Thanks, a good answer so I'll go ahead and give you the mark -- the convertRegion:toRectToView is the thing I was missing. – Alan Moore Mar 27 '12 at 22:09
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Swift 3 version of firstresponder's answer:
let userPoint = MKMapPointForCoordinate(mapView.userLocation.coordinate)
let mapRect = mapView.visibleMapRect
let inside = MKMapRectContainsPoint(mapRect, userPoint)
Pretty much the same. This API has not been Swift-ified (i.e., updated to conform to the Swift API design guidelines) yet. It really should be...
let userPoint = mapView.userLocation.coordinate.mapPoint
let inside = mapView.visibleMapRect.contains(userPoint)

Scott Gardner
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There is a simple solution to decide if a point is inside your area if the area is given by a polygon using the ray casting algorithm: See here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_in_polygon
As a starting point use a location guaranteed to be outside your region, e.g. (geographic) north pole.

Stefan
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I was really looking for something in MapKit that would do the work for me! – Alan Moore Feb 01 '12 at 14:19