I typically do:
tar -czvf my_directory.tar.gz my_directory
What if I just want to include everything (including any hidden system files) in my_directory, but not the directory itself? I don't want:
my_directory
--- my_file
--- my_file
--- my_file
I want:
my_file
my_file
my_file
Use the -C switch of tar:
tar -czvf my_directory.tar.gz -C my_directory .
The -C my_directory tells tar to change the current directory to my_directory, and then . means "add the entire current directory" (including hidden files and sub-directories).
Make sure you do -C my_directory before you do . or else you'll get the files in the current directory.
Warning: you'll get entries as ./file-name.ext instead of file-name.ext!
If you need entries in the form of file-name.ext, read other answers.
cd my_directory/ && tar -zcvf ../my_dir.tgz . && cd -
should do the job in one line. It works well for hidden files as well. "*" doesn't expand hidden files by path name expansion at least in bash. Below is my experiment:
$ mkdir my_directory
$ touch my_directory/file1
$ touch my_directory/file2
$ touch my_directory/.hiddenfile1
$ touch my_directory/.hiddenfile2
$ cd my_directory/ && tar -zcvf ../my_dir.tgz . && cd ..
./
./file1
./file2
./.hiddenfile1
./.hiddenfile2
$ tar ztf my_dir.tgz
./
./file1
./file2
./.hiddenfile1
./.hiddenfile2
You can also create archive as usual and extract it with:
tar --strip-components 1 -xvf my_directory.tar.gz
./ and no ./file1!)find /my/dir/ -printf "%P\n" | tar -czf mydir.tgz --no-recursion -C /my/dir/ -T -
With some conditions (archive only files, dirs and symlinks):
find /my/dir/ -printf "%P\n" -type f -o -type l -o -type d | tar -czf mydir.tgz --no-recursion -C /my/dir/ -T -
The below unfortunately includes a parent directory ./ in the archive:
tar -czf mydir.tgz -C /my/dir .
You can move all the files out of that directory by using the --transform configuration option, but that doesn't get rid of the . directory itself. It becomes increasingly difficult to tame the command.
You could use $(find ...) to add a file list to the command (like in magnus' answer), but that potentially causes a "file list too long" error. The best way is to combine it with tar's -T option, like this:
find /my/dir/ -printf "%P\n" -type f -o -type l -o -type d | tar -czf mydir.tgz --no-recursion -C /my/dir/ -T -
Basically what it does is list all files (-type f), links (-type l) and subdirectories (-type d) under your directory, make all filenames relative using -printf "%P\n", and then pass that to the tar command (it takes filenames from STDIN using -T -). The -C option is needed so tar knows where the files with relative names are located. The --no-recursion flag is so that tar doesn't recurse into folders it is told to archive (causing duplicate files).
If you need to do something special with filenames (filtering, following symlinks etc), the find command is pretty powerful, and you can test it by just removing the tar part of the above command:
$ find /my/dir/ -printf "%P\n" -type f -o -type l -o -type d
> textfile.txt
> documentation.pdf
> subfolder2
> subfolder
> subfolder/.gitignore
For example if you want to filter PDF files, add ! -name '*.pdf'
$ find /my/dir/ -printf "%P\n" -type f ! -name '*.pdf' -o -type l -o -type d
> textfile.txt
> subfolder2
> subfolder
> subfolder/.gitignore
The command uses printf (available in GNU find) which tells find to print its results with relative paths. However, if you don't have GNU find, this works to make the paths relative (removes parents with sed):
find /my/dir/ -type f -o -type l -o -type d | sed s,^/my/dir/,, | tar -czf mydir.tgz --no-recursion -C /my/dir/ -T -
Have a look at --transform/--xform, it gives you the opportunity to massage the file name as the file is added to the archive:
% mkdir my_directory
% touch my_directory/file1
% touch my_directory/file2
% touch my_directory/.hiddenfile1
% touch my_directory/.hiddenfile2
% tar -v -c -f my_dir.tgz --xform='s,my_directory/,,' $(find my_directory -type f)
my_directory/file2
my_directory/.hiddenfile1
my_directory/.hiddenfile2
my_directory/file1
% tar -t -f my_dir.tgz
file2
.hiddenfile1
.hiddenfile2
file1
Transform expression is similar to that of sed, and we can use separators other than / (, in the above example).
https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_section/tar_52.html
This Answer should work in most situations. Notice however how the filenames are stored in the tar file as, for example, ./file1 rather than just file1. I found that this caused problems when using this method to manipulate tarballs used as package files in BuildRoot.
One solution is to use some Bash globs to list all files except for .. like this:
tar -C my_dir -zcvf my_dir.tar.gz .[^.]* ..?* *
This is a trick I learnt from this answer.
Now tar will return an error if there are no files matching ..?* or .[^.]* , but it will still work. If the error is a problem (you are checking for success in a script), this works:
shopt -s nullglob
tar -C my_dir -zcvf my_dir.tar.gz .[^.]* ..?* *
shopt -u nullglob
Though now we are messing with shell options, we might decide that it is neater to have * match hidden files:
shopt -s dotglob
tar -C my_dir -zcvf my_dir.tar.gz *
shopt -u dotglob
This might not work where your shell globs * in the current directory, so alternatively, use:
shopt -s dotglob
cd my_dir
tar -zcvf ../my_dir.tar.gz *
cd ..
shopt -u dotglob
cd my_directory && tar -czvf ../my_directory.tar.gz $(ls -A) && cd ..
This one worked for me and it's include all hidden files without putting all files in a root directory named "." like in tomoe's answer :
to create a standard archive file.
find my_directory/ -maxdepth 1 -printf "%P\n" | tar -cvf my_archive.tar -C my_directory/ -T -
Packed files and dirs are in the root of the archive without path info and deeper files have relative path.
There are no weird looking './' in front of files and dirs. ('./file')
No special files '.' are included.
It seems that another tool, like find or ls (ls -A -1) is needed to accomplish these goals and tar using just its arguments is unable to pick files and create an archive with such requirements.
Using above command creates an archive tar file which can be further processed or delivered to someone without looking weird or needing an explanation or a tool to unpack.
-maxdepth 1
Descend at most 1 level - No recursing.
-printf
print format on the standard output
%P File's name with the name of the starting-point under which it was found removed.
\n Newline
printf does not add a newline at the end of the string. It must be added here
tar:
-C DIR, --directory=DIR
change to directory DIR
-T FILE, --files-from=FILE
get names to extract or create from FILE
-
that FILE from above is the standard input, from the pipe
The same result might be achieved using solution described by @aross.
The difference with the solution here is in that which tool is doing the recursing. If you leave the job to find, every filepath name, goes through the pipe. It also sends all directory names, which tar with --no-recursion ignores or adds as empty ones followed by all files in each directory. If there was unexpected output as errors in file read from find, tar would not know or care what's going on.
But with further checks, like processing error stream from find, it might be a good solution where many options and filters on files are required.
I prefer to leave the recursing on tar, it does seem simpler and as such more stable solution.
With my complicated directory structure, I feel more confident the archive is complete when tar will not report an error.
Another solution using find proposed by @serendrewpity seems to be fine, but it fails on filenames with spaces. Difference is that output from find supplied by $() sub-shell is space-divided. It might be possible to add quotes using printf, but it would further complicate the statement.
There is no reason to cd into the my_directory and then back, while using ../my_archive.tar for tar path, because TAR has -C DIR, --directory=DIR command which is there just for this purpose.
Using . (dot) will include dots
Using * will let shell supply the input file list. It might be possible using shell options to include dot files. But it's complicated. The command must be executed in shell which allows that. Enabling and disabling must be done before and after tar command. And it will fail if root dir of future archive contains too many files.
That last point also applies to all those solutions which are not using pipe.
Most of solutions are creating a dir inside which are the files and dirs. That is barely ever desired.
cd DIRECTORY
tar -czf NAME.tar.gz *
the asterisk will include everything even hidden ones
If it's a Unix/Linux system, and you care about hidden files (which will be missed by *), you need to do:
cd my_directory
tar zcvf ../my_directory.tar.gz * .??*
I don't know what hidden files look like under Windows.
I would propose the following Bash function (first argument is the path to the dir, second argument is the basename of resulting archive):
function tar_dir_contents ()
{
local DIRPATH="$1"
local TARARCH="$2.tar.gz"
local ORGIFS="$IFS"
IFS=$'\n'
tar -C "$DIRPATH" -czf "$TARARCH" $( ls -a "$DIRPATH" | grep -v '\(^\.$\)\|\(^\.\.$\)' )
IFS="$ORGIFS"
}
You can run it in this way:
$ tar_dir_contents /path/to/some/dir my_archive
and it will generate the archive my_archive.tar.gz within current directory. It works with hidden (.*) elements and with elements with spaces in their filename.
This is what works for me.
tar -cvf my_dir.tar.gz -C /my_dir/ $(find /my_dir/ -maxdepth 1 -printf '%P ')
You could also use
tar -cvf my_dir.tar.gz -C /my_dir/ $(find /my_dir/ -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -printf '%P ')
In the first command, find returns a list of files and sub-directories of my_dir. However, the directory my_dir is itself included in that list as '.' The -printf parameter removes the full path including that '.' and also all crlf However the space in the format string '%P ' of printf leaves a remnant in the list of files and sub-directories of my_dir and can be seen by a leading space in the result of the find command.
That will not be a problem for TAR but if you want to fix this, add -mindepth 1 as in the second command.
tar -czvf mydir.tgz -C my_dir/ `ls -A mydir`
Run it one level above mydir. This won't include any [.] or stuff.
If you use bash, this could be the simplest answer.
With shopt -s dotglob the bash command would:
cd my_directory
shopt -s dotglob
tar -czvf ../my_directory.tar.gz *
shopt -u dotglob
(from https://stackoverflow.com/a/9776491/7726468)
Test this solution:
Use pax.
Pax is a deprecated package but does the job perfectly and in a simple fashion.
pax -w > mydir.tar mydir
# tar all files within and deeper in a given directory
# with no prefixes ( neither <directory>/ nor ./ )
# parameters: <source directory> <target archive file>
function tar_all_in_dir {
{ cd "$1" && find -type f -print0; } \
| cut --zero-terminated --characters=3- \
| tar --create --file="$2" --directory="$1" --null --files-from=-
}
Safely handles filenames with spaces or other unusual characters. You can optionally add a -name '*.sql' or similar filter to the find command to limit the files included.
function tar.create() {
local folder="${1}"
local tar="$(basename "${folder}")".tar.gz
cd "${folder}" && tar -zcvf "../${tar}" .; cd - &> /dev/null
}
Example:
tar.create /path/to/folder
You are welcome.
tar -cvzf tarlearn.tar.gz --remove-files mytemp/*
If the folder is mytemp then if you apply the above it will zip and remove all the files in the folder but leave it alone
tar -cvzf tarlearn.tar.gz --remove-files --exclude='*12_2008*' --no-recursion mytemp/*
You can give exclude patterns and also specify not to look into subfolders too
tar archive:
# tar -czvf mydir.tar.gz mydir
untar archive:
# tar -xf mydir.tar.gz
