How can I add a type constraint to include anything serializable in a generic method?

Question

My generic method needs to serialize the object passed to it, however just insisting that it implements ISerializable doesn't seem to work. For example, I have a struct returned from a web service (marked with SerializableAttribute) that serializes to xml just fine, but, as expected, the C# compiler complains.

Is there a way I can check the object is serializable before attempting to serialize it, or, better still, a way of using the where keyword to check the object is suitable?

Here's my full method:

public static void Push<T>(string url, T message)
        where T : ISerializable
{
    string xml = SerializeMessage(message);

    // Send the message to Amazon SQS
    SendMessageRequest sendReq = new SendMessageRequest { QueueUrl = url, MessageBody = xml };
    AmazonSQSClient client = new AmazonSQSClient(S3User, S3Pass);
    client.SendMessage(sendReq);
}

And SerializeMessage:

private static string SerializeMessage<T>(T message)
{
    XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
    using (StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter())
    {
        xmlSerializer.Serialize(stringWriter, message);
        return stringWriter.ToString();
    }
}

If this isn't possible, what's the best way to perform a check that an object is serializable at runtime?

Adam Sills · Accepted Answer · 2013-02-05T18:03:06.613

41

You can't do this totally via generic constraints, but you can do a couple things to help:

1) Put the new() constraint on the generic type (to enable the ability to deserialize and to ensure the XmlSerializer doesn't complain about a lack of default ctor):

where T : new()

2) On the first line of your method handling the serialization (or constructor or anywhere else you don't have to repeat it over and over), you can perform this check:

if( !typeof(T).IsSerializable && !(typeof(ISerializable).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(T)) ) )
    throw new InvalidOperationException("A serializable Type is required");

Of course, there's still the possibility of runtime exceptions when trying to serialize a type, but this will cover the most obvious issues.

edited Feb 05 '13 at 18:03

answered Jun 03 '09 at 15:50

Adam Sills

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4

This answer is incorrect, as it will give false positives. typeof(T) evaluates to System.Runtime.Type, which is ISerializable, so it will always evaluate to true. Use this instead... if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable && !(typeof(ISerializable).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(T)))) – Daniel Dyson Jul 17 '12 at 10:33
1

where T : new() excludes System.Tuple<> which are marked with the Serializable attribute. – kerem Apr 16 '14 at 11:42
True, but that still seems pretty safe. Most people don't even know what a tuple is, let alone that there's a .NET Tuple class. Plus, Tuple will only serialize with binary serialization anyway (no XML) because it doesn't have a default ctor. – Adam Sills Apr 16 '14 at 16:35

score 11 · Answer 2 · answered Jun 03 '09 at 15:47

I wrote a length blog article on this subject that you may find helpful. It mainly goes into binary serialization but the concepts are applicable to most any serialization format.

http://blogs.msdn.com/jaredpar/archive/2009/03/31/is-it-serializable.aspx

The long and short of it is

There is no way to add a reliable generic constraint
The only way to check and see if an object was serializable is to serialize it and see if the operation succeeds

score 4 · Answer 3 · answered Jun 03 '09 at 15:48

The only way to know if an object is serializable is to try to serialize it.

In fact, you were asking how to tell if a type "is serializable", but the actual question will be with respect to objects. Some instances of a type may not be serializable even if the type is marked [Serializable]. For instance, what if the instance contains circular references?

Martin Maat · Answer 4 · 2021-12-11T23:29:28.490

C# 8 and up allows the unmanaged constraint to limit types to structs that have nothing but value types in them (on any nested level). What we really want is:

public class MyClass<T> where T : ISerializable or unmanaged

But unfortunately, at the time of writing C# does not support this syntax (constraints are always AND, separated by commas).

A workaround could be a ValueWrapper class:

public class ValueWrapper<U> : ISerializable where U : unmanaged

This takes a U for a constructor argument. It has one property U Value. Now you can treat value types as ISerializable simply by wrapping them in a ValueWrapper.

score 0 · Answer 5 · answered Jun 03 '09 at 15:47

0

Instead of

XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));

try

XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(message.GetType());

answered Jun 03 '09 at 15:47

Peter

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How can I add a type constraint to include anything serializable in a generic method?

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