No, that will not be possible with just Visual Studio and ReSharper, but there is another product that may help you, .NET Reflector.
The VSPro edition has a "Debug assemblies using the Visual Studio debugger, even if you don’t have the source" feature, which allows you to produce .pdb files and decompiled source code for already built .NET assemblies.
From experience, it had some problems with some assemblies, but I can't remember why that was, so it may or may not help you.
With ReSharper you can look at decompiled source code from the assemblies, in pretty much the same way Reflector will produce decompiled source, but you cannot debug the code with those source files with ReSharper.