ASIO stands for Audio Stream Input/Output, a digital audio protocol. For questions about the Boost.Asio C++ library for asynchronous I/O, use the [boost-asio] tag to avoid ambiguity.
Audio Stream Input/Output is a low-latency protocol for sending and receiving audio data from sound interfaces. It was developed by Steinberg, which offers a licensed ASIO SDK among other audio software technology such as VST plugins.
Please note that in order to avoid ambiguity, questions about Boost.Asio should be tagged with boost-asio as discussed on meta.