A bit field is used to compactly store multiple logical values as a short series of bits where each of the single bits can be addressed separately.
A bit field is used to represent and store a set of known width and logically grouped set of values. These fields can then be addressed individually in the code. A common use of such a construct is flags.
In language such as C and C++, bit fields can also be used to abstract and interop with specific hardware.