Centering is the act of placing something at the midpoint of a space.
Centering is the act of positioning something at the midpoint of a space. For two-dimensional spaces (lines), this usually involves taking the length of the line, dividing it by two, and placing the object at the point denoted by this value.
For higher dimensions, the same technique is also applied for each additional dimension, as each each dimension can be considered discrete.
In practical terms, centering is often applied to UI elements to give an interface consistency or symmetry and enhance its appearance. As it is used very commonly, most GUI APIs have some sort of centering functionality built in.