Compilation of certain parts of source code will be included/excluded. This can be often reached by pre processing the source code in some way. Including/Excluding parts of the source may be controlled by pre processor keywords.
Using conditional compilation a compiler is able to produce differences in the executable produced based on parameters that are provided during compilation. This technique is commonly used when these differences are needed to run the software on different platforms, or with different versions of required libraries or hardware. Typically a preprocessor, such as the c-preprocessor or m4, is used to conditionally process source files before they are passed to the compiler.