cpplint is an open source lint-like tool developed by Google, designed to ensure that C++ code conforms to Google's coding style guides. It reads source code files and flags deviations from the style guide. It suffers from both false positives and false negatives. False positives can be eliminated by tagging lines with //NOLINT. cpplint is implemented as Python script.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cpplint
cpplint implements what Google considers to be "best practices" in C++ coding. It also identifies syntax errors. It is rules based, and uses a number of heuristics to identify bad code.