Microsoft Failover Clusters
A failover cluster is a group of independent computers that work together to increase the availability and scalability of clustered roles (formerly called clustered applications and services). The clustered servers (called nodes) are connected by physical cables and by software. If one or more of the cluster nodes fail, other nodes begin to provide service (a process known as failover). In addition, the clustered roles are proactively monitored to verify that they are working properly. If they are not working, they are restarted or moved to another node. Failover clusters also provide Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) functionality that provides a consistent, distributed namespace that clustered roles can use to access shared storage from all nodes. With the Failover Clustering feature, users experience a minimum of disruptions in service. You can manage failover clusters by using the Failover Cluster Manager snap-in and the Failover Clustering Windows PowerShell cmdlets. You can also use the tools in File and Storage Services to manage file shares on file server clusters.
Feature Description Reference - Failover Clustering Overview -
Some Resources for Windows 2008 R2 & Windows 2012 R2 -
Failover Cluster Provider Reference MSDN -
Failover Cluster Cmdlet Reference [PowerShell] - - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee461009.aspx
Cluster Object Private Properties Reference MSDN -
WUtils MSCluster WMI Samples -