A classification of real-time where missing a deadline is considered a total system failure.
From the real-time computing wikipedia page:
[T]he goal of a hard real-time system is to ensure that all deadlines are met... Hard real-time systems are used when it is imperative that an event be reacted to within a strict deadline. Such strong guarantees are required of systems for which not reacting in a certain interval of time would cause great loss in some manner, especially damaging the surroundings physically or threatening human lives (although the strict definition is simply that missing the deadline constitutes failure of the system).