SerDe is short for Serializer/Deserializer, an interface used by Hive for both serialization and deserialization during IO and also interpreting the results of serialization as individual fields. A SerDe allows Hive to read in data from a table, and write it back out to HDFS in any custom format. Anyone can write their own SerDe for their own data formats.
Official documentation page: SerDe
There are many SerDe bundled with Hive as well as third-party SerDe, such as:
- LazySimpleSerDe
- OpenCSVSerDe
- RegexSerDe
- JsonSerDe
- AvroSerDe
- ParquetHiveSerDe
- OrcSerDe
- MultiDelimitSerDe