HKSampleQuery is an API included in Apple's iOS HealthKit framework that provides a way to search for specific aspects of a user's health data.
From Apple's documentation:
HealthKit uses sample queries to search for sample data in the HealthKit store. You can use sample queries to search for any concrete subclasses of the HKSample class, including HKCategorySample, HKCorrelation, HKQuantitySample, and HKWorkout objects.