Mesosphere (now D2iq) was a company that productized Apache Mesos, the Marathon scheduler, and other applications to support Mesos applications and infrastructure inside their DCOS software.
Mesosphere (now D2iQ) provided the Datacenter Operating System (DCOS), a distributed OS with Apache Mesos as its kernel. DCOS allowed combining individual Linux machines into a single pool of shared resources running a variety of workloads, from batch (Chronos, MapReduce, etc.) over stream processing (Spark, Storm) to PaaS-level (Marathon). In addition, (distributed) storage services incl. HDFS, Cassandra, ArangoDB, Elasticsearch and Quobyte were applications supported on DCOS.
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