A multi-index (also known as a hierarchical index) allows the manipulation of higher-dimensional data in a 2-dimensional tabular structure.
A multi-index exists when an indexing column (or row) of a tabular structure contains more than one line. The use of layered indexing enables one to effectively store and manipulate arbitrarily high dimension data in a 2-dimensional tabular structure 1. This is also called "hierarchical" or "multi-level" indexing.