A rope is a data structure used for storing and manipulating strings.
A rope (sometimes called a cord) uses binary trees to store strings.
When compared to a large character array, they allow for faster insertion and deletion of text compared to using a large array, and their memory does not need to be contiguous. However, the total memory requirements can be larger (because of the additional space required to store the tree) and additional complexity of code necessary to manage it.
References
Ropes on Wikipedia