A legacy API to extend Apple's Safari web browser. As of Safari 14/MacOS 11, a framework named Safari Web Extension implements the standard browser extension APIs. Safari App Extensions, introduced with MacOS 10.12 ("Sierra"), is aimed at integration of native applications with the browser.
Safari Extensions is the term Apple used for a legacy API to extend the browser. As of MacOS 11, Safari Web Extensions (safari-web-extension) is the official framework to implement browser extensions in JS, while Safari App Extensions (safari-app-extension) focus on the integration of native applications with the browser and their communication.
Legacy documentation can be found starting at the Safari Extensions Development Guide.