Synchronous means that the caller of a function waits for the response or completion of the function before returning control to the main program
Synchronized means "connected", or "dependent" in some way. In other words two synchronous tasks must be aware of one another, and one must execute in some way that is dependent on the other. In most cases that means that one cannot start until the other has completed.
Synchronous (one thread):
1 thread -> |----A-----||-----B-----------||-------C------|
Synchronous (multi-threaded):
thread A -> |----A-----|
\
thread B ------------> ->|-----B-----------|
\
thread C ----------------------------------> ->|-------C------|