If `not(x)` is the Boolean negation function of a programming language, then a value, x, may be said to be truthy in that language if and only if not(not(x)) evaluates to the Boolean value `true`.
Truthiness is a concept introduced into R by the Shiny UI framework. "The terms "truthy" and "falsy" generally indicate whether a value, when coerced to a base::logical(), is TRUE or FALSE." (see the Shiny reference). It has mostly been in invented to check if the GUI delivers a valid user input but is useful in R in many other situations, too.