I is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠢ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
I
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 19 [3]: 546 
i Transliteration[note 1]
ᠢ[lower-alpha 1] Alone
ᠢ‍ Initial
‍ᠢ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
[lower-alpha 2] Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠢ Final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
bi pi ki, gi Transliteration
ᠪᠢ[lower-alpha 3] ᠫᠢ ᠬᠢ[lower-alpha 4] Alone
ᠪᠢ‍ ᠫᠢ‍ ᠬᠢ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠢ‍ ‍ᠫᠢ‍ ‍ᠬᠢ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠢ ‍ᠫᠢ ‍ᠬᠢ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑i Transliteration
 ᠢ‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Initial
 ᠢ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Whole
  • Transcribes Chakhar /i/ or /ɪ/;[8][9] Khalkha /i/, /ə/, and /∅/.[10]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter и.[11][4]
  • Today, often absorbed into a preceding syllable when at the end of a word.
  • Written medially with the single long tooth after a consonant, and with two after a vowel (with rare exceptions like ᠨᠠ‍ᠢ‍ᠮᠠ naima 'eight' or ᠨᠠ‍ᠢ‍ᠮᠠᠨ naiman 'eight'/tribal name).[2]: 31 [12]: 9, 39 [13]: 38 
  • ‍ᠢ᠋‍ = a handwritten Inner Mongolian variant on the sequence yi (as in ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ / ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ sayin 'good' being written ᠰᠠᠢ᠋ᠨ sain).[12]: 58 [13]: 38 
    • Also the medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]: 44 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur yodh (𐽶), preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [13]: 35 
  • Produced with I using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, i comes after e and before o.

Clear Script

Look up ᡅ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Xibe language

Look up ᡞ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Manchu language

Look up ᡳ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

  1. ↑ Used in enumerations, corresponding to i).[2]: 19 
  2. ↑ Stand-in for the correct (context-sensitive only) glyph.
  3. ↑ As in ᠪᠢ bi (би bi) 'I'.[6]: 101 [2]: 22 
  4. ↑ See the separated  ᠬᠢ ‑ki suffix.[6]
  1. ↑ Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. ↑ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter i include:  ᠢ⟨?⟩ ‑i (accusative),  ᠢᠶᠠᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑iyan/‑iyen (reflexive), and  ᠢᠶᠠᠷ⟨?⟩ ‑iyar/‑iyer (instrumental).[7]

References

  1. ↑ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. 1 2 3 Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. 1 2 "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. ↑ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. 1 2 Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. ↑ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  8. ↑ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. ↑ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. ↑ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  11. ↑ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  12. 1 2 Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. ↑ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. ↑ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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