This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.[1][2]

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

  • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up)[5]

Canada

Canadian Coast Guard

CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent in Halifax Harbour

Royal Canadian Navy

Commercial

  • Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
  • Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
  • Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
  • Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
  • Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
  • Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
  • Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
  • Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
  • Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
  • Arcticaborg (2018–2019)

China

Polar Research Institute of China

People's Liberation Army Navy

  • Type 071 icebreaker
    • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; in reserve)
    • Haibing 721 (海冰721, "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
  • Type 210 icebreaker
    • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
  • Type 272 icebreaker
    • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
    • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)

China Coast Guard

  • Donghai 519 (东海519, "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721)
  • Haijing 6401 (中国海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haibing 723, ex-Haijing 1411)

Sun Yat-sen University

State Oceanic Administration

  • Ji Di (2024– (planned); under construction)[18][19]

Other

  • Bin Hai 293 (滨海293, "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up)[20]
  • Beijing Ocean Leader (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)
  • Tan Suo San Hao (2025– (planned); under construction)[21]

Chile

Denmark

Danbjørn, Isbjørn and Thorbjørn moored at Frederikshavn
  • Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
  • Isbjørn (1923–1965)[26]
  • Lillebjørn (1926–1968)[26]
  • Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)[26]
  • Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)[27]
  • Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[28]
  • Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[28]
  • Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company)[29]

Estonia

Estonian Maritime Museum

  • Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)

Estonian Maritime Administration

  • Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
  • EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland)

Port of Tallinn

  • Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
  • Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)

Finland

State-owned icebreakers

Steam-powered

Steam-powered icebreakers Tarmo and Jääkarhu

Diesel-electric

Six modern Finnish icebreakers docked for the summer season at Katajanokka, Helsinki
  • Sisu (1939–1974; as Louhi in the Finnish Navy until 1986; broken up)
  • Voima (1954–)
  • Karhu class
    • Karhu (1958–1986; sold to the Soviet Union)
    • Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
    • Sampo (1960–1987; today owned by the city of Kemi and used for tourist cruises)
  • Tarmo class
    • Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
    • Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
    • Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
  • Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
  • Urho class
    • Urho (1975–)
    • Sisu (1976–)
  • Otso class
  • Multipurpose icebreakers
  • Polaris (2016–)

Finnish Navy

  • Louhi (1975–1986; ex-Sisu; broken up)
  • Louhi (2011–)

Alfons Håkans

  • Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
  • Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold)[30]

France

French Navy

Compagnie du Ponant

Other

  • L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold)

Germany

Historical

  • Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
  • Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
  • Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
  • Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
  • Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
  • Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)

Alfred-Wegener-Institut

  • Polarstern (1982–)
  • New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2027.[33]

Other

  • Eisvogel class
    • Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
    • Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
  • Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
  • Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship)[34]
  • Neuwerk (1997–)
  • Arkona (2004–)

Italy

Japan

Imperial Japanese Navy

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

  • Fuji (1965–1985; museum ship)
  • Shirase (1981–2008; sold to Weathernews)
  • Shirase (2008–)

Japan Coast Guard

  • Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
  • Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
  • Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)

Kazakhstan

The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:

  • Arcticaborg (1998–2018; sold to Canada)
  • Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
  • Tulpar (2002–)
  • Mangystau class icebreakers
    • Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
    • Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
    • Mangystau-3 (2011–)
    • Mangystau-4 (2011–)
    • Mangystau-5 (2011–)

Kazakhstani Coast Guard

  • Kazhymukan (2016–)

Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan

  • Ledokol-2 (1984–)

Latvia

Netherlands

Greenpeace

Norway

Poland

  • Kuna (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world)
  • Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)

Russia

Icebreakers

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers

Diesel-powered icebreakers

Kapitan Khlebnikov en route to Wrangel Island
  • Wind class
    • Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
    • Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
    • Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
  • Kapitan Belousov class
    • Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)[49]
    • Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)[50]
    • Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)[51]
  • Moskva class
    • Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)[52]
    • Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)[53]
    • Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)[54]
    • Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)[55]
    • Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)[56]
  • Project 97A
  • Ermak class
  • Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
    • Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
    • Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
    • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
  • Kapitan Sorokin class
  • Kapitan Chechkin class
    • Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
    • Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
    • Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
    • Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
    • Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
    • Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
  • Mudyug class
  • Kapitan Evdokimov class
    • Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
    • Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
    • Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
    • Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
    • Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
    • Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
    • Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
    • Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
  • Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)[70]
  • Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
  • Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
  • Project 21900
  • Baltika (2014–)
  • Project MPSV06
    • Beringov Proliv (2015–)[71]
    • Murman (2015–)[71]
    • Kerchenskiy Proliv (under construction)[72]
  • Project 21900M
  • Ob (2019–)[75]
  • Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
  • Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)[76]
  • Project 21900M2
    • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2023– (planned); construction stopped as of 2021)[77]
    • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (planned); under construction)[78]
  • Boris Lavrov (2024– (planned); under construction)[79]
  • Project 23620
    • Two unnamed Project 23620 icebreakers (2024– (planned); ordered)[80][81]
  • Project MPSV06M
    • Pevek (2024– (planned); under construction)[82]
    • Anadyr (2024– (planned); under construction)[83]
  • Project 22740M
    • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[84]
    • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[85]

Steam-powered icebreakers

Steam-powered icebreaker Yermak
  • Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
  • Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)[86][87][88]
  • Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)[86]
  • Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)[89]
  • Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)[86]
  • Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
  • Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)[86]
  • Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)[86][90]
  • Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)[86]
  • A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
  • Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
  • Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
  • Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
  • Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
  • Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
  • Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
  • Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
  • Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
  • Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)[86]
  • Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)[91]
  • Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)[92]
  • Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)[93]
  • Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)[94]
  • Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)[95]
  • Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
  • Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
  • Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
  • Toros (1929–1964)[86]
  • Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
  • Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
  • Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
  • A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
  • Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
  • Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
  • Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
  • Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981)[96]
  • Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

Other icebreaking vessels

Offshore vessels

The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:

  • Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk; ex-Canmar Ikaluk; ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
  • Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo; ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
  • Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up)[97]
  • Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up)[98]
  • SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
  • SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
  • SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
  • SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
  • Polar Pevek (2006–2022)[99]
  • Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
  • Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
  • Toboy (2008–)
  • Varandey (2008–)
  • Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)[100]
  • Vitus Bering (2012–)
  • Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
  • Aleut (2015–)[101]
  • Pomor (2016–)
  • Normann (2016–)
  • Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
  • Stepan Makarov (2017–)
  • Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
  • Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
  • Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)[102]
  • Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)[103]
  • Nabil (2022– (planned); not delivered due to sanctions)[104]
  • Katerina Velikaya (under construction)[105]
  • Svyataya Mariya (under construction)[105]
  • Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)[105]
  • Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)[105]

In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:

Patrol and naval vessels

The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:

Research and survey vessels

South Africa

South Korea

  • Araon (2009–)
  • A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by 2027[140]

Soviet Union

See Russia

Sweden

Swedish Maritime Administration

Swedish icebreaker Ymer
  • Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
  • Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)[141]
  • Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)[142]
  • Thule (1953–1998; broken up)[143]
  • Oden (1957–1988; broken up)[144]
  • Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)[70]
  • Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)[145]
  • Ale (1973–)
  • Atle class
  • Oden (1988–)
  • First of the new planned icebreakers to enter service in 2027[146]

Trans Viking Icebreaking & Offshore

Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.

Turkmenistan

  • Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
  • Mangystau-1 (2023–)

Ukraine

United Kingdom

HMS Protector

United States

United States Coast Guard

National Science Foundation

Edison Chouest Offshore

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