Malolos Historic Center and Heritage Town
Native name
Tagalog: Makasaysayang Kabayanan at Pamana ng Bayan ng Malolos
The Calle Santo Nino one of the streets of Camestisuhan District at the heart of the declared Historic Town Center of Malolos
TypeHeritage Zone
LocationMalolos Downtown City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines 3000
Coordinates14°50′40.2″N 120°48′40.6″E / 14.844500°N 120.811278°E / 14.844500; 120.811278
Built1580, 1750, 1800, 1840, 1900, 1930, 1940
Architectvarious
Architectural style(s)Spanish, American, Post-war
Governing bodyCity Government of Malolos and National Historical Commission of the Philippines
Malolos Historic Town Center is located in Philippines
Malolos Historic Town Center
Location of Malolos Historic Center and Heritage Town in Philippines

The Malolos Historic Town Center is a historic district located in downtown (or the old town center of the capital town of) Malolos City, Bulacan, Philippines, commonly called the Camestisuhan or Pariancillo District of Malolos. It was declared as such for its collection of Spanish and American-era houses and government structures, and for being the birthplace of the First Philippine Republic and the Malolos Constitution as well as having been the capital of the Philippines from 1898 to 1900. The National Historical Institute (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines) declared the downtown Malolos area officially as a National Historical Landmark and a Heritage Town on August 15, 2001.[1]

History

The Camestisuhan District of Malolos was originally called Pariancillo. It was the district intended for the Chinese residents of Malolos in the 1700s. It was started in 1755 when the Governor General of the Philippines ordered the expulsion of the Chinese from the Philippines due to their participation in some rebellion and sedition acts against the Spanish Government.

On documents such as the Registros Paroquiales or The Catholic Baptismal Registry of Malolos, the town already had its own "Parian" (a kind of Chinatown) in 1710. Some of the Chinese in Manila transferred to Malolos as it was already a hub for some Chinese and so that they could be far from the eyes of the Spanish Government in Manila. When he heard about this migration, the Governor General ordered that all Chinese migration destinations outside Manila should have a district for the Chinese for racial segregation. Thus the Malolos Pariancillo was established. Pariancillo means "small parian". A provision in the segregation order also stated that only those Chinese who have long been residents of the town who have married a native of Malolos will not be expelled. Thus the Sangleys of Malolos were born and the Pariancillo became the Chinese enclave in Bulacan Province.

Rationale for the district's declaration as a Historic Town Center

The National Historical Institute board resolution cites several reasons for the declaration of certain areas in downtown Malolos as a National Historical Landmark and Heritage Town, or informally as parts of a Historic Town Center:[1]

  • A number of men and women from Malolos became key figures in revolutionary movements during the Spanish era;
  • Malolos was declared the capital of the First Philippine Republic and its Spanish-era infrastructure were reused as government offices, e.g. the convent of the Malolos Cathedral, Barasoain Church, and several houses along the Pariancillo/Kamestisuhan district;
  • Malolos has retained a good number of noteworthy old houses and other buildings that attest to the artistry, craftsmanship and ingenuity of its builders

Declared areas

According to the board resolution, the following streets are identified as part of the Malolos Historic Town Center:[1]

Street Name
Barangay
Paseo del Congreso Street from Barasoain church to Malolos bridge San Agustin
Padre Jose Burgos Street bound by Enriquez St. and Malolos Bridge
Hipolito Street bound by P. Burgos and Enriquez Streets
Cigarillera Street (Tampoy) Santo Niño
Pariancillo Street
Santo Niño Street
F.T. Reyes (Electricidad) bound by Santo Niño Street and M. Tengco Street
M. Tengco Street bound by F. T. Reyes and F. Estrella Streets
F. Estrella Street bound by Liang River and Kanto Boy Street
Santiago - Cruz House at Jacinto Street (Pariancillo)
Pineda and Aldaba Houses at F. T. Reyes Street
Malolos Water Cistern at Plaza Torres San Vicente

Built heritage

Within the declared Heritage District

The following table lists down extant built heritage within the areas declared by the National Historical Institute:

Cultural Property
wmph identifier[lower-roman 1]
Site name Description Province City or
municipality
Address Coordinates Image
Abad House Ancestral house Bulacan City of Malolos Cigarillera Street 14°50′38″N 120°48′39″E / 14.843977°N 120.810735°E / 14.843977; 120.810735 (Abad House)

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Plaza de la Gobierno Militar Former ancestral house of Doña Gregoria Adriano, became the site of the Military Government established by Gen. Isidoro Torres, later reused as a Meralco office Bulacan City of Malolos Pariancillo Street 14°50′35″N 120°48′38″E / 14.843065°N 120.810498°E / 14.843065; 120.810498 (Plaza de la Gobierno Militar)

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Dr. Johnny Reyes House Ancestral house Bulacan City of Malolos 752 F. Estrella Street 14°50′31″N 120°48′41″E / 14.842064°N 120.811348°E / 14.842064; 120.811348 (Dr. Johnny Reyes House)

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Casa Real Shrine Built in 1580, this served as the residence and office of the Gobernadorcillo of Malolos. It became the Treasury of the Spanish Government building during the British Invasion of Manila and Casa Real in 1901. Today it is the Museum of Philippine Political History Bulacan City of Malolos Paseo del Congreso Road 14°50′40″N 120°48′42″E / 14.844320°N 120.811561°E / 14.844320; 120.811561 (Casa Real Shrine)

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Casa Tribunal de Malolos Built between 1740-1780, it was originally the house of a wealthy sugar and tobacco baron, Don Felipe Vasquez, and used as the Second Municipal Hall of Malolos in 1859. It was converted into a jailhouse during the First Philippine Republic in 1898 Bulacan City of Malolos Pariancillo Street 14°50′36″N 120°48′36″E / 14.843312°N 120.810122°E / 14.843312; 120.810122 (Casa Tribunal de Malolos)

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Cathedral - Minor Basilica and Parish of the Immaculate Conception Built in 1580, the present masonry church was built in 1817 Bulacan City of Malolos 14°50′33″N 120°48′42″E / 14.842595°N 120.811575°E / 14.842595; 120.811575 (Cathedral - Minor Basilica and Parish of the Immaculate Conception)

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Crisostomo House Spanish-era ancestral house Bulacan City of Malolos 50 Pariancillo Street 14°50′34″N 120°48′34″E / 14.842879°N 120.809476°E / 14.842879; 120.809476 (Crisostomo House)

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Don Ramon Gonzalez de Leon House Chalet-type ancestral house of former Gobernadorcillo Don Ramon Gonzales de Leon, rebuilt in 1923 Bulacan City of Malolos Cigarillera Street 14°50′38″N 120°48′38″E / 14.844004°N 120.810501°E / 14.844004; 120.810501 (Don Ramon Gonzalez de Leon House)

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Dr. Luis Santos Art-Deco House Built in 1933, this is the Art Deco house of Dr Luis Uitangcoy Santos, son of one of the "women of Malolos", Doña Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos Bulacan City of Malolos F. T. Reyes Street 14°50′30″N 120°48′40″E / 14.841701°N 120.811005°E / 14.841701; 120.811005 (Dr. Luis Santos Art-Deco House)

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Don Erastro Cervantes House Spanish-era house Bulacan City of Malolos Pariancillo Street 14°50′36″N 120°48′39″E / 14.843395°N 120.810913°E / 14.843395; 120.810913 (Don Erastro Cervantes House)

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Eden Cinema Post-war movie house Bulacan City of Malolos Pariancillo Street 14°50′36″N 120°48′38″E / 14.843215°N 120.810605°E / 14.843215; 120.810605 (Eden Cinema)

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Don Fausto Chiong House House of Don Fausto Chiong, built in 1892; it became the Secretaria de Interior (Administrative Office of the Interior) in 1898-1899 Bulacan City of Malolos Pariancillo Street 14°50′36″N 120°48′39″E / 14.843313°N 120.810704°E / 14.843313; 120.810704 (Don Fausto Chiong House)

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Fountain, Dr. Luis Santos House Sculpture by National Artist Guillermo Tolentino Bulacan City of Malolos F. T. Reyes Street 14°50′30″N 120°48′39″E / 14.841616°N 120.810853°E / 14.841616; 120.810853 (Fountain, Dr. Luis Santos House)

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Hermogenes Reyes House 1904 house Bulacan City of Malolos F. T. Reyes 14°50′32″N 120°48′37″E / 14.842224°N 120.810234°E / 14.842224; 120.810234 (Hermogenes Reyes House)

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Holy Infant Academy Former clinic of Dr. Luis Santos Bulacan City of Malolos F. T. Reyes Street 14°50′31″N 120°48′39″E / 14.841915°N 120.810861°E / 14.841915; 120.810861 (Holy Infant Academy)

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Iglesia Filipiniana Independiente The Aglipayan cathedral church of Malolos built in 1903 Bulacan City of Malolos F. Estrella Street 14°50′28″N 120°48′44″E / 14.841205°N 120.812208°E / 14.841205; 120.812208 (Iglesia Filipiniana Independiente)

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1893 Jose Cojuangco House (Tagalog: Pook Kapanganakan ni Jose Cojuanco) Birthplace of Jose Chichioco Cojuangco, with marker from the National Historical Commission of the Philippines Bulacan City of Malolos Paseo del Congreso 14°50′42″N 120°48′46″E / 14.845007°N 120.812699°E / 14.845007; 120.812699 (1893 Jose Cojuangco House (Tagalog: Pook Kapanganakan ni Jose Cojuanco))

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1930 Jacinto-Lomotan House American-era house Bulacan City of Malolos Santo Niño Street 14°50′34″N 120°48′36″E / 14.842708°N 120.809928°E / 14.842708; 120.809928 (1930 Jacinto-Lomotan House)

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Paaralang Bayan ng Malolos Mission-Style, Gabaldon-type schoolhouse built in 1913 Bulacan City of Malolos F. Estrella Street 14°50′22″N 120°48′48″E / 14.839539°N 120.813221°E / 14.839539; 120.813221 (Paaralang Bayan ng Malolos)

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Malolos City Hall Neo-Classical town hall erected in 1940 Bulacan City of Malolos F. Estrella Street 14°50′38″N 120°48′40″E / 14.843815°N 120.811239°E / 14.843815; 120.811239 (Malolos City Hall)

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Aguas Potables de Malolos American-period water tank built in 1923 Bulacan City of Malolos Plaza Torres 14°50′34″N 120°48′45″E / 14.842896°N 120.812390°E / 14.842896; 120.812390 (Aguas Potables de Malolos)

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1930 Mariano Crisostomo House American-era house Bulacan City of Malolos F. Estrella Street 14°50′26″N 120°48′45″E / 14.840496°N 120.812406°E / 14.840496; 120.812406 (1930 Mariano Crisostomo House)

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Our Lady of Mount Carmel Parish Church Built in 1885, popularly referred to as Barasoain Church Bulacan City of Malolos Paseo del Congreso Road 14°50′47″N 120°48′45″E / 14.846456°N 120.812385°E / 14.846456; 120.812385 (Our Lady of Mount Carmel Parish Church)

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1930 Tantoco-Lopez House Bulacan City of Malolos Santo Niño Street 14°50′34″N 120°48′38″E / 14.842808°N 120.810498°E / 14.842808; 120.810498 (1930 Tantoco-Lopez House)

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Capilla de Santa Veronica Ancestral house of the Reyes family converted into a private chapel Bulacan City of Malolos Santo Niño Street 14°50′34″N 120°48′36″E / 14.842860°N 120.810029°E / 14.842860; 120.810029 (Capilla de Santa Veronica)

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Capilla de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario de Malolos Stone chapel built in 1870 Bulacan City of Malolos F. Estrella Street 14°50′25″N 120°48′43″E / 14.840326°N 120.811899°E / 14.840326; 120.811899 (Capilla de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario de Malolos)

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Don Jose Bautista House Spanish-era house famous for its caryatid posts. Has ornately-sculpted Neo-Classic touches and was built in the 1850s and redecorated in 1877 in the French Art Nouveau style. It was the Secretaria de Fomento and home of Don Antonio Bautista, Aguinaldo's Secretary of the Interior. It contains heirloom memorabilia including the original KKK flag. Here, José Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar spoke to the "21 women of Malolos" on June 27, 1892 Bulacan City of Malolos Santo Niño Street 14°50′33″N 120°48′37″E / 14.842567°N 120.810345°E / 14.842567; 120.810345 (Don Jose Bautista House)

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Paaralan ng mga Kababaihan ng Malolos Remaining stone wall or ruins of the Instituto Mujeres, with marker from the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Site where Rizal addressed his famous letter to the 21 women of Malolos who petitioned Governor General Valeriano Weyler for a night school for women on December 12, 1888 Bulacan City of Malolos Santo Niño Street 14°50′33″N 120°48′35″E / 14.842588°N 120.809703°E / 14.842588; 120.809703 (Paaralan ng mga Kababaihan ng Malolos)

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Tampoy Bridge Also known as Malolos Bridge, a Spanish-era bridge built in 1817 by Fr. Melchor Fernandez OSA and renovated during the American Period in 1925 Bulacan City of Malolos 14°50′38″N 120°48′41″E / 14.843985°N 120.811423°E / 14.843985; 120.811423 (Tampoy Bridge)

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1812 Antonio Bautista House Stone house built in 1812, the oldest in Malolos, owned by Chinese matriarch Doña Rufina Tanjosoy and her son Don Antonio Bautista. The house is famous for its Art-Nouveau interiors, with design contributions from Isabelo Tampingco done in 1910 Bulacan City of Malolos Calle Burgos cor. Paseo del Congreso Road 14°50′41″N 120°48′41″E / 14.844590°N 120.811321°E / 14.844590; 120.811321 (1812 Antonio Bautista House)

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1914 Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos House Declared a Heritage House (Level 1) by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines Bulacan City of Malolos F. T. Reyes Street 14°50′31″N 120°48′37″E / 14.841988°N 120.810416°E / 14.841988; 120.810416 (1914 Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos House)

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Outside the Declared Area

The following table lists of structures in Malolos extant built heritage outside the declared National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Institute but are still covered by the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 as cultural property:[2]

Cultural Property
wmph identifier[lower-roman 1]
Site name Description Province City or
municipality
Address Coordinates Image
1858 Barasoain Catholic Cemetery The Jacinto Masouleum built in 1859 Bulacan City of Malolos Calle Antonio Bautista 14°50′55″N 120°48′35″E / 14.848684°N 120.809857°E / 14.848684; 120.809857 (1858 Barasoain Catholic Cemetery)

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Bulacan Provincial Capitol Art-deco capitol designed by Juan Arellano and William Parsons erected in 1930 Bulacan City of Malolos 14°51′23″N 120°48′52″E / 14.8565°N 120.8144°E / 14.8565; 120.8144 (Bulacan Provincial Capitol)

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Fausto Chiong House 1933 American-era House Bulacan City of Malolos Malolos-Hagonoy Provincial Road 14°50′24″N 120°48′06″E / 14.839918°N 120.801549°E / 14.839918; 120.801549 (Fausto Chiong House)

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Campo Santo de Malolos Spanish-era cemetery built in 1680 Bulacan City of Malolos Tubigan Street 14°50′28″N 120°48′53″E / 14.841101°N 120.814708°E / 14.841101; 120.814708 (Campo Santo de Malolos)

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Estacion Ferrocaril de Malolos Spanish-era train station built in 1892 Bulacan City of Malolos 14°51′15″N 120°48′51″E / 14.854087°N 120.814195°E / 14.854087; 120.814195 (Estacion Ferrocaril de Malolos)
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1863 Santa Isabel de Ungria Parish Church Mudejar-style stone church Bulacan City of Malolos Caluag Street 14°50′22″N 120°50′04″E / 14.839509°N 120.834376°E / 14.839509; 120.834376 (1863 Santa Isabel de Ungria Parish Church)

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Important Cultural Properties

One of the features of Malolos Historic Town Center are the monuments created by the artisans and National Artist can be found at different areas in the city.

Structure Provenance Site Location Artist
Stone Fountain 1933 Dr. Luis Santos Art Deco House Guillermo Tolentino
Bounty Harvest Painting 1933 Dr. Luis Santos Art Deco House Fernando Amorsolo
Gat Francisco Balagtas Marble Bust 1950 Malolos Plaza and Rotounda Guillermo Tolentino,National Artist
Brass Bust of Marcelo Hilario del Pilar 1903 Malolos City Hall Plaza Hilario Sunico, Bellcaster of 19th century
Brass Bust of Dr.Jose P. Rizal 1901 Plaza Rizal, Casa Real, Malolos City Hilario Sunico, Bellcaster of 19th century
Bronze Statue of Emilio Aguinaldo 1950 Barasoain Church Plaza, Malolos City Antonio Caedo,pre-National Artist
Gen.Isidoro Torres Monument 1950 Plaza Torres, Malolos Market n/a
Jose Rizal Statue 1923 Malolos Central School n/a
The Propagandista Triumvirate 1950 Bulacan Capitol Compound, Malolos n/a
President Ramon Magsaysay 1960 Bulacan Capitol Compound, Malolos
General Gregorio del Pilar 1950 Bulacan Capitol Plaza, Malolos n/a

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 wmph is an internal identifier used by Wikimedia Philippines to identify the monument. This is not an official identifier, and only shown temporarily in the templates until the government creates an updated complete list.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Declaring the Historic Town Center of Malolos in Bulacan as a National Historical Landmark" (PDF). nhcp.gov.ph/. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  2. "National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009" (PDF). ncca.gov.ph/. National Commission on Culture and the Arts. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
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