Napoléon (1850), first purpose-built steam battleship in history.
Class overview
NameNapoléon
BuildersToulon, Cherbourg, Rochefort, Lorient, Brest
Operators French Navy
Preceded byHercule class
SubclassesAlgésiras class, Ville de Nantes class
In service1850 — 1889
Completed9
General characteristics
TypeShip of the line
Displacement5,120 tonnes
Length77.8 m (255 ft 3 in)
Beam17 m (55 ft 9 in)
Draught8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)
PropulsionSail and 2 cyl. Indret geared, 960 nhp (574 ihp)
Speed12.1 knots (22.4 km/h; 13.9 mph)
Endurance
  • 3 months' worth of food
  • 9 days' worth of coal at full-speed
Complement910
Armament
  • 90 guns
  • (3230 pdr,422 cm)
  • (2630 pdr,422 cm)
  • (1416 cm)

The Napoléon class was a late type of 90-gun ships of the line of the French Navy, and the first type of ship of the line designed from the start to incorporate a steam engine.

Designed by Henri Dupuy de Lôme, the prototype Napoléon displayed such outstanding performances during her trials that a production series was immediately ordered, yielding the Algésiras sub-class. Furthermore, construction of the two Bretagne class 130-gun ships was interrupted: Desaix, whose construction had only just started, was cancelled altogether and replaced with Arcole, while Bretagne was dismantled and entirely rebuilt on principles heralded by Napoléon. Further improvements to the Algésiras type yielded the Ville de Nantes sub-class.

The "swift ships of the line" of the Napoléon class were initially considered of the 3rd rank, behind the 120-gun first rank ships of the Océan class and Valmy and the 2nd rank 100-gun ships of the Hercule class, and on par with the 90-gun Suffren class; however, in practice, most of the ships of the Hercule and Suffren classes had been transformed for steam and sail, losing ten guns in the operation, which made them steam ships of the line of 90 and 80 guns respectively. The Napoléon class was thus quickly promoted to 2nd-rank ships, also reflecting the status provided by their nautical performances.

Units

  • Napoléon 90 (launched 16 May 1850 at Toulon) – Stricken 1876

Algésiras sub-class

  • Algésiras 90 (launched 4 October 1855 at Toulon) – Transport 1869
  • Arcole 90 (launched 20 March 1855 at Cherbourg) – Stricken 1870
  • Redoutable 90 (launched 25 October 1855 at Rochefort) – Stricken 1869
  • Impérial 90 (launched 15 September 1856 at Brest) – Hulked 1869
  • Intrépide 90 (launched 17 September 1864 at Rochefort) – Stricken 1889

Ville de Nantes sub-class

Citations

    References

    • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, 1671–1870. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
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