Rajasthani literature is written in various genres starting from 1000 AD. But, it is generally agreed that modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Suryamal Misran.[1] His most important works are the Vansa Bhaskara and the Vir Satsai. The Vans Bhaskar contains accounts of the Rajput princes who ruled in what was then Rajputana (at present the state of Rajasthan), during the lifetime of the poet (1872–1952). The Vir Satsai is a collection of hundreds of couplets.

Medieval Rajasthani literature is mostly poetry only and it is more about the heroic poetry mentioning of the great kings and fighters of the Rajasthan. as said by Rabindra Nath Tagore once, "The heroic sentiment which is the essence of every song and couplet of a Rajasthani is peculiar emotion of its own of which, however, the whole country may be proud".

Early Rajasthani literature is created by mostly Charans. Earlier Rajasthani was known as Charani or Dingal, which was close to Gujarati.

Modern literature

Medieval literature

  • Adho Duraso (1538–1651): Virud Chihattari, Doha Solanki Viramdevji ra, Jhulana Rav Surtan ra, Marsiya Rav Surtan ra, Jhulana Raja Mansingh Macchvaha ra, Jhulana Ravat Megha ra, Git Raji sri Rohitasji ra, Jhulana Rav Amarsingh Gajsinghota ra, Kirta Bhavani, Mataji ra Chhand, Sri Kumar Ajjaji na Bhuchar Mori ni Gajagat
  • Adho Kisano II (born 1785), composed historical poems and wrote a book on Rajasthani Prosody
  • Adho Opo (1752–1843), Peshwa of Sirohi: Dingal gitas
  • Balabakhsha Palhavta Barath (born 1917) a Rajasthani poet known for his poems on Ethics
  • Bananath (born 1780) a Rajasthani poet of Nath tradition
  • Bankidas Asiya
  • Bhandau Vyas (15th century): Hammirayana
  • Chand Bardai
  • Chandrasakhi (1643–1733)
  • Charandas (1703–1782)
  • Dariyavji (1676–1758)
  • Dayaldas Sindhayach (1798–1891): Bikaner re Rathoro ri Khyat (Dayaldas ri Khyat), Aryakhyana Kalpadruma, Desh Darpana, Panwa Vansh-Pradeep, Bikaner re Rathoro ra Geet
  • Din Darvesh (Saim Dina) (born 1753), Rajasthani Saint Poet
  • Duragasatta Barhat (born 1801), a Rajasthani poet known for his poems celebrating the virtue of charity
  • Jadechi Prata Bala (born 1917)
  • Kaviro Sogaraon Karanidanaut, composed Ratan Rupag (Ratan Jas Prakash) in 1840 to 1847
  • Kripa Ram Barath
  • Lacchiram Tavaniya, author of Karan Katha, Ram Devji Ra Chanda
  • Mamcha Kavi (Manasaram) (born 1760), Rajasthani Poet who wrote a work on prosody illustrating through the story of Lord Rama
  • Modsing Mahiyaria (born 1936), A Rajasthani poet of heroic themes
  • Nathu Singh Mahiyaria author of Haadi Shatak, Jhalamaan Shatak, Vir Satsai,
  • Muhnot Nainsi (1610–1670), Diwan of Raja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur: Muhanot Nainasi ri khyata, Marawada ra Paraganan ri Vigata
  • Murari Ram (born 1760), Rajasthani Saint Poet of Khedapa branch
  • Narharidas Barahath, Avtar Charita
  • Parasaramji (born 1767), a Rajasthani Saint Poet
  • Purandasa (born 1771), Rajasthani Saint Poet
  • Rakesh Rankawat (1983) has written many famous poems like "Ramu Bhayo Manne Khayo" and "Mhari Dharti Veeran Ri".
  • Rama Karan Asopa (1857–1943), a Rajasthani prose writer, lexicographer and historian
  • Ramnarayan Dugad (born 1931), Rajasthani historian
  • Rupa Devi, author of Rukmani Magala, Ram Ras, Rupa Manjari
  • Sodhi Nathi (17th century): Gudharatha, Balacharita, Bhagat Bhav ra Chandrayana, Harilila, Nlaamlila, Kans lila, Sakhiyan
  • Sridhar Vyas (14th–15th century)
  • Sūdan
  • Surajanji Punia (1583–1691): Katha Gajmokh, Katha Usha puran, Ram Rasau, Katha Parsiddha, Katha Autar ki, Katha Chetan, Katha Chitawani, Dharamchari, Gyan Mahatam, Gyan Tilak, Bhogolpuran, Sakhi, Dingal Git, Ang-chetan, Dasawatar ki chhand, Asmedhji ki duha, Chand Kavita, Kavita Bhawani, Sawaiya
  • Swarupadas (1801–1863): Pandava Yashendu Chandrika, Rasa Ratnakar, Varnartha Manjari, Vritti Bodh, Hrinayananjan, Tarka Prabandha, Drishtanta Dipika, Sadharanopadesha, Sukshimopadesha, Aviek Paddhati, Pakhand Kandan, Chijjada Bodhpatrika
  • Umardan Laldas (1851–1903), Rajasthani Poet, who wrote mostly on social problems
  • Maharaja Prithviraj Rathore: "Veli Krishna Rukmani Ri"
  • Shivachandra Bharatiya (1853–1915), a Rajasthani Novelist and dramatist, author of Kanak sundari (1903), visrant Pravasi (1904), Kesar vilas (1900), Bada Bazar (1905), Budhapa ki Sagai (1906)
  • Thakur Kesari Singh Barahath (Shahpura) (1871–1941): "Chetavani Ra Chungatya"

[2]

[3]

Works on Rajasthani literature

  • Maheshwari, H.L. 1960. Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya. vs 1500–1650. Calcutta: Adhunik
  • Maheshwari, H.L. 1980. History of Rajasthani Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi
  • Menaria, M. 1960. Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya. Allahabad: Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
  • Nandhala, J. 1974. Dhundhari Lok bhasha kosh. Jaipur: Rajasthan Bhasha Prachar Sabha
  • Prabhakar, M. 1976. A Critical Study of Rajasthani Literature. Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan
  • Sakaria, B. & B. Sakaria. 1977. Rajasthani-Hindi Shabda-Kosh. Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan
  • Smith, J.D. 1976. The Visaladevrasa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Vyas, Kantilal Baldevram (ed.). 1997. Kanhabade Prabhandha: Jodhpur: Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute (Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute Publication Series, 11) [Reprint of the 1953 edition]
  • Shekhawat,Saubhgya Singh.1991.Rajasthani Sahitya,Sanskriti Aur Itihas.Jaipur:The Student Book Co
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part I,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part II,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part III,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part IV,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Nibandh Sangrah,Jodhpur
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1998.Veer Bhogya Vasundhara,Jaipur :SanghShakti Prakasan Pranyas
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh 1985,Kavirao Bankidas Aashiya Granthavali part I
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1987,Kavirao Bankidas Aashiya Granthavali part II
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1979,Doongarsi Ratanu Granthavali (ed.)
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1974,Rajasthani Nibandh Sangrah,Jodhpur:
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Shekhawati Ke Veer Geet(ed.)
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Malani Ke Gaurav Geet (ed.)
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Ranrol
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1972,Balvad Vilas
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1977,Rajasthani Sahitya Sampada
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1987,Poojan-Panv Kavisara
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-III,Udaipur
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-IV,Udaipur
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-V, Udaipur
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-VII,Udaipur
  • Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Swatantrata senani Dungji Jawaharji

See also

Bibliography

Primary Sources

References

  1. ↑ South Asian arts - Rajasthani at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ↑ Sisir Kumar Das. A History of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi.
  3. ↑ Mohan Lal. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature, Volume 5. Sahitya Akademi.
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