Riverhead
Riverhead seen from a glider at 1201 feet
Riverhead seen from a glider at 1201 feet
Coordinates: 36°45′29″S 174°35′31″E / 36.758°S 174.592°E / -36.758; 174.592
CountryNew Zealand
RegionAuckland Region
WardRodney ward
Local boardRodney Local Board
Electorates
Government
 • Territorial AuthorityAuckland Council
Area
[1]
 • Total4.05 km2 (1.56 sq mi)
Population
 (June 2022)[2]
 • Total3,720
 • Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Postcode
0820
Riverhead Tavern

Riverhead is a small, historically predominantly working-class town located at the head of the Waitematā Harbour in the north-west of Auckland, New Zealand. The region around Riverhead and the neighbouring towns of Kumeu and Huapai is known for its vineyards. This town has had its 15 minutes in the spotlight appearing in movies Bridge to Terabithia[3] and Crooked Earth and the odd television show such as Outrageous Fortune. The region features a pine plantation forest that is popular with horse riders, mountain bikers and motorcyclists. Riverhead Forest is operated by Matariki Forests, under Crown Licence. The forest was originally planted on poor kauri gum fields.[4]

History

The area is traditionally a part of rohe of the tribe Te Kawerau ā Maki, who referred to the wider area was known as Rangitōpuni.[5][6] The name commemorates a day of peace-making between Te Kawerau ā Maki and other tribes in the early 19th century, and refers to the act of gifting dog-skin cloaks (tōpuni) that marked this day.[5] There were many kāinga (villages) and localities to the West of Te Wairoa-ō-Kahu (the name for the Upper Waitematā Harbour), including Taurangatira, Maraeroa, Ngongetepara, Te Rarawaru, Onekiritea, Tahingamanu and Pītoitoi.[5] The harbour around Riverhead was a source of seasonal shark and snapper for various Tāmaki Māori groups.[7]

European settlement of Riverhead began in 1844, when a kauri mill was established at Riverhead, due to the access the area had to the Waitematā Harbour, and the adjacent Rangitōpuni Stream providing fresh water and a way to power the mill.[8] The mill operated between 1845 and 1856, after which it was repurposed as the Waitemata Flour Mill, the largest provider of flour in the Auckland Region.[8] In 1876 the flour mill was relocated to central Auckland, and by the 1890s the Riverhead mill was repurposed a third time, as a paper mill.[8] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Riverhead, Swanson and Henderson were a major locations for the kauri gum digging trade.[9]

Riverhead was briefly a railway terminus in the 19th century, located at the eastern end of the isolated Kumeu-Riverhead Section. The line operated from 1875 to 1881 as a link from Auckland to regions north, with Riverhead acting as the transition point from ferry to railway. When the North Auckland Line connected Kumeu with Auckland via rail in 1881, the coastal shipping became unnecessary, and with no reason to continue operating, the railway to Riverhead was closed.

In 1914, the paper mill closed.[8] After this time, Riverhead became known as a tobacco growing area, and after the establishment of the Riverhead Forest, a location where Pinus radiata from the forest was processed.[8]

Governance

Riverhead is part of the Local Government Rodney Ward of Auckland Council and is part of the Kumeu Subdivision of the Rodney Local Board.

Riverhead is in the Kaipara ki Mahurangi Electorate.

Demographics

Riverhead covers 4.05 km2 (1.56 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 3,720 as of June 2022,[2] with a population density of 919 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20061,305—    
20131,362+0.61%
20182,802+15.52%
Source: [10]
View over Rangipotuni Creek from the Riverhead Tavern

Riverhead had a population of 2,802 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 1,440 people (105.7%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,497 people (114.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 864 households, comprising 1,422 males and 1,380 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 35.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 699 people (24.9%) aged under 15 years, 450 (16.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,437 (51.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 219 (7.8%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 86.3% European/Pākehā, 10.1% Māori, 3.4% Pacific peoples, 9.1% Asian, and 2.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 24.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 61.3% had no religion, 28.4% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.1% were Hindu, 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.5% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 603 (28.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 225 (10.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $52,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 759 people (36.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,299 (61.8%) people were employed full-time, 321 (15.3%) were part-time, and 48 (2.3%) were unemployed.[10]

Education

Riverhead School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 461 students as at April 2023.[11][12] The school was built in 1872, and substantially rebuilt in 1960.[13] In 2010 six new classrooms, a resource room and a library were added.

Notes

  1. 1 2 "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  3. ↑ Filming locations for Bridge to Terabithia
  4. ↑ Matariki Forests
  5. 1 2 3 Te Kawerau ā Maki; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; The Crown (22 February 2014). "Te Kawerau ā Maki Deed of Settlement Schedule" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  6. ↑ Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. p. 14. ISBN 0-473-00983-8.
  7. ↑ High Court of New Zealand (9 February 2021). "In the High Court of New Zealand: Auckland Registry CIV-2015-404-002033 Between Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trust and Attorney-General and Marutūāhu Rōpū Limited Partnership" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (rev. ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-86962-1513.
  9. ↑ Hayward, Bruce W. (1989). Kauri Gum and the Gumdiggers. The Bush Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-908608-39-X.
  10. 1 2 "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Riverhead (115900). 2018 Census place summary: Riverhead
  11. ↑ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  12. ↑ Education Counts: Riverhead School
  13. ↑ "HISTORY - Riverhead School". Riverhead School. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
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