Roy Nissany
Nissany in 2011
NationalityIsrael Israeli
Born (1994-11-30) 30 November 1994
Tel Aviv, Israel
Related toChanoch Nissany (father)
FIA Formula 2 Championship career
Debut season2018
Car number16
Former teamsCampos Racing, Trident, DAMS, PHM Racing by Charouz
Starts113 (114 entries)
Wins0
Podiums1
Poles0
Fastest laps2
Best finish16th in 2021
Previous series
2018, 20202023
2021
20152017
20132014
20112012
2010
FIA Formula 2 Championship
F3 Asian Championship
World Series Formula V8 3.5
FIA F3 European Championship
ADAC Formel Masters
Formula Lista Junior

Roy Nissany (Hebrew: רוי ניסני; Hebrew pronunciation: [ʁɔɪ nisaˈni]; born 30 November 1994) is an Israeli racing driver who most recently competed in the Formula 2 Championship with PHM Racing by Charouz. He is the son of former racing driver Chanoch Nissany.

Personal life

Nissany was born in Tel Aviv, Israel, and resides in Herzliya, Israel.[1][2] He is the son of the former Israeli one-time Minardi Formula One test driver, Chanoch Nissany. Nissany races under the flag of his native Israel, however he also holds a French passport.[3]

Career

Karting

Nissany began karting at the age of six.[3] In 2004, he drove for the Hungarian G-Kart Racing Team, and finished fourth overall in the FIA Central European Zone Trophy and in the Hungarian Karting Championship.[4] In 2007, Nissany drove for the Italian Morsicani Racing Team, racing in the Italian Open Masters and 13th Winter Cup in Lonato del Garda. In the following year, he raced for the Gandolfi Racing Team and scored a best finish of second in the Mille Dollari race in Pomposa.[5]

Junior formulae

Nissany began his car racing career in 2010, finishing eighth in the 2010 Formula Lista Junior championship and scoring a pole position at Monza.[6] In 2011, he moved to the ADAC Formel Masters series (now ADAC Formula 4) for the Mücke Motorsport team, racing against drivers such as Pascal Wehrlein and Artem Markelov. He finished the season in 11th place, scoring two podium finishes.[1] Nissany competed again in 2012, finishing in ninth place and scoring one win at the Red Bull Ring.[7][8]

Formula 3 European Championship

2013

In 2013 Nissany moved up to the FIA Formula 3 European Championship with Mücke Motorsport alongside future IndyCar driver Felix Rosenqvist. Nissany scored 11 points including two eighth-place finishes, and ended the season 22nd in the championship.[1]

2014

He competed again in 2014 alongside Rosenqvist and Lucas Auer. Nissany finished 17th in the championship with 26 points, his best race result being sixth place at the Nürburgring.[9][10]

Formula Renault 3.5 Series

2015

In 2015 Nissany moved to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series with Tech 1 Racing alongside Aurélien Panis. Nissany took a podium finish with third place at the Red Bull Ring, and ended the season 13th in the championship with 27 points to Panis' 42.

2016

He moved to Lotus for the 2016 season alongside René Binder. Nissany's 2016 season was more successful; he claimed three pole positions, three race wins and four further podium finishes to end the season fourth in the championship, ahead of Binder and behind future Formula 2 competitor Louis Delétraz.

2017

Nissany then moved to RP Motorsport for 2017 as the series became the World Series Formula V8 3.5. Nissany was one of only eight full-time drivers in the series, which folded the following year due to a lack of entries. Nissany had another successful season, winning a race at the Circuito de Jerez and claiming five more podium places to finish fifth in the championship.

FIA Formula 2 Championship

2018

In 2018, Nissany competed in the FIA Formula 2 Championship with Campos Vexatec Racing. After the tenth round in Monza, Nissany had scored only a single point – a 10th-place finish at the feature race at Spa-Francorchamps. In contrast, teammate Luca Ghiotto had collected 94 points including four podium finishes. Nissany was then replaced by Roberto Merhi for the remaining two rounds of the season.[11]

2019

Nissany suffered a training injury at the beginning of 2019 and did not compete in racing during the year.[3]

2020

In 2020 he returned to Formula 2 to race for Trident Racing alongside Marino Sato. Nissany scored a point in the opening race at the Red Bull Ring, finishing 10th. His next points finish came at the thirteenth race of the season, the feature race at Spa-Francorchamps, where he finished eighth. This put Nissany on reverse-grid pole position for the sprint race, however he was forced to retire from the race after a collision with fellow Williams Driver Academy member Dan Ticktum.[12] Nissany ended the season 19th in the drivers' championship, scoring five of his team's six points that year. In December 2020, Nissany drove for DAMS in the post-season Formula 2 test at the Bahrain International Circuit.[13]

2021

In January 2021 it was confirmed that Nissany would move to DAMS for the 2021 season, driving alongside Ferrari Driver Academy member Marcus Armstrong.[14] Nissany qualified seventh for the Monaco round, his best Formula 2 qualifying position. This put him fourth on the grid for the opening sprint race, and an oil leak for Christian Lundgaard during the race elevated Nissany to third place and allowed him to claim his first Formula 2 podium finish.[15] Unfortunately for Nissany, his only other points finish came in Monza, as he ended up 16th in the championship.[16]

2022

Nissany remained with DAMS for a second season, partnering F3 graduate Ayumu Iwasa.[17] Starting the season out at Bahrain, he finished eighth in the feature race, scoring his first points of the season. More points followed in Jeddah,[18] before Nissany qualified sixth in Imola. After taking fourth in the sprint race, Nissany made a sublime start on Sunday, taking the lead going into the first corner. He would ultimately lose his chance of victory, crashing at the final corner on lap 20.[19] He came back with a point at Barcelona, however from this point, Nissany would go three events without finishing in the points. The Israeli driver broke his duck in Austria, taking ninth place in the feature race, and he would score the same result in France. Following the accumulation of 12 penalty points by the conclusion of the round at Zandvoort, he received a ban for the following event in Monza.[20] Nissany returned to action for the season finale at Yas Marina, where he qualified second and finished in the points in both races, leading him to conclude the campaign sitting 19th in the standings.[21]

2023

Nissany driving for PHM Racing during the 2023 Spielberg Formula 2 round.

During the 2022 post-season testing, Nissany reunited with Charouz Racing System.[22] Shortly after, he was announced for the team for the 2023 season, under the new name PHM Racing by Charouz.[23][24] The campaign turned out to be the Israeli's weakest in Formula 2, as he and the team failed to score points, with Nissany ending up 21st and last of all full-time drivers in the standings.[25]

Formula One

Nissany had his first experience with a Formula One car in October 2014, testing the Sauber C31 at the Circuito Ricardo Tormo.[26][27][10] In December 2019, he took part in post-season testing with Williams at Yas Marina Circuit. In January 2020 it was announced that Williams had appointed Nissany as their official test driver for the 2020 season.[28] He made his Grand Prix weekend debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, taking part in the first practice session (FP1) for the team.[29] He later appeared in FP1 sessions at the Italian and Bahrain Grands Prix,[30][31] as well as representing Williams at the post-season young driver test at Yas Marina Circuit.[32]

Nissany was retained by Williams in his test driver role for the 2021 season. He took part in the first day of pre-season testing with the team, recording 83 laps of the Bahrain International Circuit.[33] He appeared in three FP1 sessions with Williams during the season, at the Spanish, French and Austrian Grands Prix.[34]

Nissany remained a member of the Williams Driver Academy for the 2022 season.[35] However, he did not partake in any free practice sessions that year and was not included in the academy line-up the following year.

Driving standards

Throughout his time in FIA Formula 2, Nissany's racecraft has borne the brunt of criticism. This culminated in a chaotic 2022 season, which began when Richard Verschoor called for the Israeli driver to "go choose another sport" after the latter's defensive driving had caused a collision which ended the Dutchman's race in Bahrain.[36] Another notable collision came at Silverstone, where Nissany received a five-place grid penalty, having forced Dennis Hauger off the track on the exit on the approach to Vale, which subsequently forced Hauger's car over the sausage kerb on the inside of the corner, catapulting it onto the Halo of Nissany's vehicle.[37] Later in the year, a collision with David Beckmann at Zandvoort caused Nissany to be banned from the subsequent round, as he had accrued twelve penalty points across the campaign.[38]

Nissany once again amassed a number of penalty points during the subsequent campaign, sitting on nine penalty points after twelve rounds.[39] Chief among his misdeeds proved to be a collision with Zane Maloney at Monza, where the Israeli spun his rival on the main straightaway, causing Maloney's car to impact the barriers heavily and earning Nissany three penalty points.[40][41]

Racing record

Karting career summary

Season Series Team Position
2008 South Garda Winter Cup — KF3 95th
Italian Open MastersKF3 Morsicani Racing 28th
Torneo Industrie — KF3 Gandolfio Ennio Racing 33rd
2009 South Garda Winter Cup — KF3 Gandolfi Ennio Racing DNF
Source:[42]

Racing career summary

Season Series Team Races Wins Poles F/Laps Podiums Points Position
2010 Formula Lista Junior Daltec Racing 12 0 1 1 0 43 8th
2011 ADAC Formel Masters Mücke Motorsport 24 0 0 0 2 81 11th
2012 ADAC Formel Masters Mücke Motorsport 23 1 0 0 1 98 9th
2013 FIA Formula 3 European Championship Mücke Motorsport 30 0 0 0 0 11 22nd
2014 FIA Formula 3 European Championship Mücke Motorsport 33 0 0 0 0 26 17th
Formula One Sauber F1 Team Test driver
2015 Formula Renault 3.5 Series Tech 1 Racing 17 0 0 0 1 27 13th
2016 Formula V8 3.5 Series Lotus 18 3 3 5 7 189 4th
2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5 RP Motorsport 18 1 0 2 6 201 5th
2018 FIA Formula 2 Championship Campos Vexatec Racing 20 0 0 0 0 1 22nd
2019 Formula One ROKiT Williams Racing Test driver
2020 FIA Formula 2 Championship Trident 24 0 0 2 0 5 19th
Formula One Williams Racing Test driver
2021 FIA Formula 2 Championship DAMS 23 0 0 0 1 16 16th
F3 Asian Championship Hitech Grand Prix 15 0 0 0 2 99 5th
Formula One Williams Racing Test driver
2022 FIA Formula 2 Championship DAMS 26 0 0 0 0 20 19th
Formula One Williams Racing Test driver
2023 FIA Formula 2 Championship PHM Racing by Charouz 26 0 0 0 0 0 21st

* Season still in progress.

Complete Formula Lista Junior results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pos Points
2010 Daltec Racing HOC1
1

8
HOC1
2

5
NÜR
1

4
NÜR
2

6
MOS
1

8
MOS
2

Ret
HOC2
1

7
HOC2
2

9
MAG
1

9
MAG
2

8
MNZ
1

Ret
MNZ
2

11
8th 43

Complete ADAC Formel Masters results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 DC Points
2011 Mücke Motorsport OSC
1

3
OSC
2

4
OSC
3

9
SAC
1

10
SAC
2

11
SAC
3

7
ZOL
1

Ret
ZOL
2

16
ZOL
3

8
NÜR
1

3
NÜR
2

23
NÜR
3

9
RBR
1

Ret
RBR
2

10
RBR
3

4
LAU
1

10
LAU
2

12
LAU
3

13
ASS
1

Ret
ASS
2

17
ASS
3

18
HOC
1

Ret
HOC
2

17
HOC
3

15
11th 81
2012 Mücke Motorsport OSC
1

Ret
OSC
2

8
OSC
3

10
ZAN
1

6
ZAN
2

11
ZAN
3

5
SAC
1

Ret
SAC
2

7
SAC
3

C
NÜR1
1

7
NÜR1
2

8
NÜR1
3

5
RBR
1

1
RBR
2

16
RBR
3

Ret
LAU
1

7
LAU
2

6
LAU
3

Ret
NÜR2
1

8
NÜR2
2

6
NÜR2
3

DSQ
HOC
1

9
HOC
2

10
HOC
3

8
9th 98

Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 DC Points
2013 kfzteile24 Mücke Motorsport Mercedes MNZ
1

Ret
MNZ
2

17
MNZ
3

Ret
SIL
1

21
SIL
2

18
SIL
3

Ret
HOC
1

24
HOC
2

16
HOC
3

Ret
BRH
1

18
BRH
2

23
BRH
3

8
RBR
1

11
RBR
2

15
RBR
3

10
NOR
1

8
NOR
2

15
NOR
3

Ret
NÜR
1

17
NÜR
2

Ret
NÜR
3

18
ZAN
1

15
ZAN
2

14
ZAN
3

12
VAL
1

22
VAL
2

13
VAL
3

17
HOC
1

18
HOC
2

15
HOC
3

15
22nd 11
2014 kfzteile24 Mücke Motorsport Mercedes SIL
1

20
SIL
2

22
SIL
3

16
HOC
1

Ret
HOC
2

15
HOC
3

8
PAU
1

20
PAU
2

9
PAU
3

16
HUN
1

15
HUN
2

14
HUN
3

11
SPA
1

16
SPA
2

11
SPA
3

12
NOR
1

7
NOR
2

19
NOR
3

Ret
MSC
1

18
MSC
2

14
MSC
3

16
RBR
1

11
RBR
2

14
RBR
3

11
NÜR
1

15
NÜR
2

11
NÜR
3

6
IMO
1

Ret
IMO
2

21
IMO
3

12
HOC
1

11
HOC
2

7
HOC
3

13
17th 26

Complete World Series Formula V8 3.5 results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Pos Points
2015 Tech 1 Racing ALC
1

14
ALC
2

16
MON
1

12
SPA
1

14
SPA
2

Ret
HUN
1

8
HUN
2

14
RBR
1

16
RBR
2

3
SIL
1

9
SIL
2

14
NÜR
1

Ret
NÜR
2

18
BUG
1

8
BUG
2

12
JER
1

9
JER
2

Ret
13th 27
2016 Lotus ALC
1

7
ALC
2

7
HUN
1

6
HUN
2

2
SPA
1

Ret
SPA
2

Ret
LEC
1

2
LEC
2

2
SIL
1

1
SIL
2

1
RBR
1

6
RBR
2

13
MNZ
1

1
MNZ
2

6
JER
1

8
JER
2

14
CAT
1

9
CAT
2

2
4th 189
2017 RP Motorsport SIL
1

Ret
SIL
2

3
SPA
1

2
SPA
2

4
MNZ
1

2
MNZ
2

2
JER
1

1
JER
2

Ret
ALC
1

4
ALC
2

6
NÜR
1

4
NÜR
2

5
MEX
1

9
MEX
2

8
COA
1

6
COA
2

4
BHR
1

3
BHR
2

4
5th 201

Complete FIA Formula 2 Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 DC Points
2018 Campos Vexatec Racing BHR
FEA

16
BHR
SPR

15
BAK
FEA

Ret
BAK
SPR

Ret
CAT
FEA

12
CAT
SPR

14
MON
FEA

12
MON
SPR

Ret
LEC
FEA

15
LEC
SPR

10
RBR
FEA

Ret
RBR
SPR

17
SIL
FEA

15
SIL
SPR

14
HUN
FEA

15
HUN
SPR

15
SPA
FEA

10
SPA
SPR

14
MNZ
FEA

16
MNZ
SPR

15
SOC
FEA
SOC
SPR
YMC
FEA
YMC
SPR
22nd 1
2020 Trident Racing RBR
FEA

10
RBR
SPR

12
RBR
FEA

15
RBR
SPR

18
HUN
FEA

Ret
HUN
SPR

17
SIL
FEA

Ret
SIL
SPR

16
SIL
FEA

18
SIL
SPR

15
CAT
FEA

Ret
CAT
SPR

12
SPA
FEA

8
SPA
SPR

Ret
MNZ
FEA

19
MNZ
SPR

10
MUG
FEA

15
MUG
SPR

10
SOC
FEA

Ret
SOC
SPR

19
BHR
FEA

15
BHR
SPR

9
BHR
FEA

20
BHR
SPR

15
19th 5
2021 DAMS BHR
SP1

12
BHR
SP2

15
BHR
FEA

Ret
MCO
SP1

3
MCO
SP2

Ret
MCO
FEA

9
BAK
SP1

16
BAK
SP2

16
BAK
FEA

16
SIL
SP1

Ret
SIL
SP2

12
SIL
FEA

16
MNZ
SP1

Ret
MNZ
SP2

18
MNZ
FEA

8
SOC
SP1

16
SOC
SP2

C
SOC
FEA

15
JED
SP1

13
JED
SP2

11
JED
FEA

15
YMC
SP1

14
YMC
SP2

17
YMC
FEA

13
16th 16
2022 DAMS BHR
SPR

12
BHR
FEA

8
JED
SPR

9
JED
FEA

8
IMO
SPR

4
IMO
FEA

Ret
CAT
SPR

15
CAT
FEA

10
MCO
SPR

9
MCO
FEA

Ret
BAK
SPR

10
BAK
FEA

Ret
SIL
SPR

14
SIL
FEA

Ret
RBR
SPR

13
RBR
FEA

9
LEC
SPR

16
LEC
FEA

9
HUN
SPR

19
HUN
FEA

18
SPA
SPR

11
SPA
FEA

19
ZAN
SPR

15
ZAN
FEA

16
MNZ
SPR

EX
MNZ
FEA

EX
YMC
SPR

8
YMC
FEA

10
19th 20
2023 PHM Racing by Charouz BHR
SPR

18
BHR
FEA

11
JED
SPR

10
JED
FEA

11
MEL
SPR

9
MEL
FEA

Ret
BAK
SPR

Ret
BAK
FEA

18
MCO
SPR

Ret
MCO
FEA

15
CAT
SPR

20†
CAT
FEA

18
RBR
SPR

10
RBR
FEA

16
SIL
SPR

9
SIL
FEA

17
HUN
SPR

17
HUN
FEA

15
SPA
SPR

13
SPA
FEA

12
ZAN
SPR

17
ZAN
FEA

12
MNZ
SPR

Ret
MNZ
FEA

15
YMC
SPR

14
YMC
FEA

11
21st 0

Complete Formula One participations

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 WDC Points
2020 Williams Racing Williams FW43 Mercedes M11 EQ Performance
1.6 V6 t
AUT STY HUN GBR 70A ESP
TD
BEL ITA
TD
TUS RUS EIF POR EMI TUR BHR
TD
SKH ABU
2021 Williams Racing Williams FW43B Mercedes M12 E Performance
1.6 V6 t
BHR EMI POR ESP
TD
MON AZE FRA
TD
STY AUT
TD
GBR HUN BEL NED ITA RUS TUR USA MXC SAP QAT SAU ABU

Complete F3 Asian Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 DC Points
2021 Hitech Grand Prix DUB
1

2
DUB
2

8
DUB
3

3
ABU
1

7
ABU
2

8
ABU
3

7
ABU
1

5
ABU
2

Ret
ABU
3

11
DUB
1

8
DUB
2

Ret
DUB
3

7
ABU
1

4
ABU
2

7
ABU
3

6
5th 99

Photos

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "#4 - Roy Nissany (kfzteile24 Mücke Motorsport)". Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  2. Etsion, Udi (19 October 2014). "Israeli driver to test for Formula 1". Ynetnews. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 "Roy's biography". roynissany.com. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  4. "Magyar Nemzeti Autósport Szövetség" (PDF). www.mnasz.hu. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  5. "$500 a második helyért". gokartmagazin.hu. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  6. "roynissany.com: Monza Pole Position". roynissany.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  7. "Mücke Motorsport". jgsm.de. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  8. "Nissany feiert ersten Sieg in der Formel ADAC - ADAC Formel Masters". ADAC Motorsport. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  9. "Esteban Ocon and Roy Nissany get their first taste of Formula 1". motorsport.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  10. 1 2 "Israeli driver Nissany gets invite from F1 team". jpost.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  11. "Roberto Merhi replaces Nissany at Campos for remainder of F2 season". crash.net. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  12. Woollard, Craig (30 August 2020). "Shwartzman wins Spa F2 sprint after Ticktum and Nissany collide". formulascout.com. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  13. Wood, Elliot (10 December 2020). "F2 test ends with Drugovich top, Boschung and Viscaal hit by car issues". formulascout.com. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  14. Howard, Tom (29 January 2021). "Williams test driver Nissany joins DAMS in F2". motorsport.com. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  15. "2021 Round 2 post-Sprint Race 1 press conference". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  16. "Driver Standings for the FIA Formula 2 2021 Championship". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  17. "Nissany signs on for a second season with DAMS". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  18. "'I love the guy!' – Nissany says him and Iwasa are giving DAMS 'two amazing perspectives'". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  19. "Pourchaire takes second Feature Race win at frantic Imola". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  20. Series, F1 Feeder (4 September 2022). "Nissany banned for Monza F2 over penalty points". F1 Feeder Series. Retrieved 4 September 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. "2022 Round 14 post-Qualifying press conference". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  22. "Charouz Racing System announces the drivers lineup for FIA Formula 2 post-season tests at Abu Dhabi". charouz-racing.com. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  23. "PHM Racing take over Charouz Racing System's FIA Formula 2 and FIA Formula 3 entries". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. 28 November 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  24. "PHM Racing by Charouz sign Benavides and Nissany for 2023". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  25. "Driver Standings for the FIA Formula 2 2023 Championship". FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  26. Noble, Jonathan. "Adderly Fong and Roy Nissany make Formula 1 test debuts with Sauber". autosport.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  27. "Fong, Nissany and Ocon complete Valencia test - updated". 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  28. "Williams sign Israeli racer Nissany as test driver". formula1.com. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  29. "Formula 1 Aramco Gran Premio de España 2020 - Practice 1". formula1.com. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  30. "Formula 1 Gran Premio Heineken D'Italia 2020 - Practice 1". formula1.com. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  31. "Formula 1 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix 2020 - Practice 1". formula1.com. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  32. Straw, Edd (15 December 2020). "Alonso fastest as F1 2020 ends with 'young driver' test". the-race.com. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
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