What’s the best way to get an HTTP response code from a URL?

Question

I’m looking for a quick way to get an HTTP response code from a URL (i.e. 200, 404, etc). I’m not sure which library to use.

Answer 1

Update using the wonderful requests library. Note we are using the HEAD request, which should happen more quickly then a full GET or POST request.

import requests
try:
    r = requests.head("https://stackoverflow.com")
    print(r.status_code)
    # prints the int of the status code. Find more at httpstatusrappers.com :)
except requests.ConnectionError:
    print("failed to connect")

Answer 2

Here's a solution that uses httplib instead.

import httplib

def get_status_code(host, path="/"):
    """ This function retreives the status code of a website by requesting
        HEAD data from the host. This means that it only requests the headers.
        If the host cannot be reached or something else goes wrong, it returns
        None instead.
    """
    try:
        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)
        conn.request("HEAD", path)
        return conn.getresponse().status
    except StandardError:
        return None


print get_status_code("stackoverflow.com") # prints 200
print get_status_code("stackoverflow.com", "/nonexistant") # prints 404

Answer 3

You should use urllib2, like this:

import urllib2
for url in ["http://entrian.com/", "http://entrian.com/does-not-exist/"]:
    try:
        connection = urllib2.urlopen(url)
        print connection.getcode()
        connection.close()
    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
        print e.getcode()

# Prints:
# 200 [from the try block]
# 404 [from the except block]

Answer 4

In future, for those that use python3 and later, here's another code to find response code.

import urllib.request

def getResponseCode(url):
    conn = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
    return conn.getcode()

Answer 5

The urllib2.HTTPError exception does not contain a getcode() method. Use the code attribute instead.

Answer 6

Addressing @Niklas R's comment to @nickanor's answer:

from urllib.error import HTTPError
import urllib.request

def getResponseCode(url):
    try:
        conn = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
        return conn.getcode()
    except HTTPError as e:
        return e.code

Answer 7

It depends on multiple factories, but try to test these methods:

import requests

def url_code_status(url):
    try:
        response = requests.head(url, allow_redirects=False)
        return response.status_code
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'[ERROR]: {e}')

or:

import http.client as httplib
import urllib.parse

def url_code_status(url):
    try:
        protocol, host, path, query, fragment = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        if protocol == "http":
            conntype = httplib.HTTPConnection
        elif protocol == "https":
            conntype = httplib.HTTPSConnection
        else:
            raise ValueError("unsupported protocol: " + protocol)
        conn = conntype(host)
        conn.request("HEAD", path)
        resp = conn.getresponse()
        conn.close()
        return resp.status
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'[ERROR]: {e}')

Benchmark results for 100 URLs:

• First method: 20.90 seconds
• Second method: 23.15 seconds

Answer 8

Here's an httplib solution that behaves like urllib2. You can just give it a URL and it just works. No need to mess about splitting up your URLs into hostname and path. This function already does that.

import httplib
import socket
def get_link_status(url):
  """
    Gets the HTTP status of the url or returns an error associated with it.  Always returns a string.
  """
  https=False
  url=re.sub(r'(.*)#.*$',r'\1',url)
  url=url.split('/',3)
  if len(url) > 3:
    path='/'+url[3]
  else:
    path='/'
  if url[0] == 'http:':
    port=80
  elif url[0] == 'https:':
    port=443
    https=True
  if ':' in url[2]:
    host=url[2].split(':')[0]
    port=url[2].split(':')[1]
  else:
    host=url[2]
  try:
    headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:26.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/26.0',
             'Host':host
             }
    if https:
      conn=httplib.HTTPSConnection(host=host,port=port,timeout=10)
    else:
      conn=httplib.HTTPConnection(host=host,port=port,timeout=10)
    conn.request(method="HEAD",url=path,headers=headers)
    response=str(conn.getresponse().status)
    conn.close()
  except socket.gaierror,e:
    response="Socket Error (%d): %s" % (e[0],e[1])
  except StandardError,e:
    if hasattr(e,'getcode') and len(e.getcode()) > 0:
      response=str(e.getcode())
    if hasattr(e, 'message') and len(e.message) > 0:
      response=str(e.message)
    elif hasattr(e, 'msg') and len(e.msg) > 0:
      response=str(e.msg)
    elif type('') == type(e):
      response=e
    else:
      response="Exception occurred without a good error message.  Manually check the URL to see the status.  If it is believed this URL is 100% good then file a issue for a potential bug."
  return response