If you previously had a xmlns
attribute in your document element, it means that all XML elements (with no prefix) were in a namespace. If you now remove that namespace, this is no true anymore and the output of any (namespace-aware) parser changes. And with that, most probably the behavior of the programs working on the parsed data.
Just as an example, using XPath in Java is different if the XML elements are in a namespace: How to query XML using namespaces in Java with XPath?. Although the accepted answer shows a way to use XPath in a namespace-agnostic way, most programs will probably not use this approach.
The XML should still be valid (actually well-formed), you can easily check that in a decent XML editor that supports validation (including Eclipse for example). But because you removed the reference to the Schema, validation will only cover basic XML rules (as I said, the well-formedness), not the rules set up by the Schema.
So in short, yes, you may break your clients but yes, the XML would (probably) still be valid.