@danihp's answer is a good one - it is exactly what the documentation recommends.
BUT it requires posting the file in some awkward place like S3.
However, as the OP asks - how can we do this without having to push the database dump to someplace awkward like S3?
The most convenient answer I've been able to find (mentioned in @danihp's comment) is to use dropbox.
In detail (not described in danihp's comment):
Simply
If you don't want to put the dump file in your "Public" folder, then you need to do one more step.
You need to
- put is in some other dropbox folder
- right click, and chose "share Dropbox Link"
- paste the link into a browser, which will show you the dump file page
- right click the "download" button and copy the URL.
- paste that URL into the command.
HTH.