I add a similar problem and I just want to add some more information...
atika answer is exact, you should use https://username:password@github.com/your_repository_name.
If you need to change the url of the repository after you did some modification, then you can modify the file: "yourProjectRoot/.git/config" - propery: "url" directly. I closed my solution before I did that modification to my git config file.
But I suggest to use userName:password to git url on your initial "Clone". It will then be set properly for any other actions.
Also, I personally had another problem. I cloned from the master repository instead of my own fork of it. Then I was not able to "push" (always got error 403). After I forked from the master (Use fork from the github web interface) then everything was going smoothly (with my user:password into the repository url).
I don't think it is necessary but I recommend to specify your details into "Team Explorer" view - "Home" - "Settings" - "Git Setting" before doing anything else.
Hope it help.
I was using embedded Git that come with Visual Studio 2013.