Edit: solved, see answer below.
I am using several JavaScript-libraries (some of them come with CSS and web fonts) along with Font Awesome. FA is installed locally via Bower, so there are no attempts to cross-site requests made.
Everything works fine in Chrome and IE, but on Firefox there are some icons (fa-user-secret and fa-archive) that are not displayed correctly. They show as some other characters (probably Asian, no idea which language) instead. Most other icons such as fa-user work without problem.
My theory is that there is a collision between FA and some CSS and/or web fonts from one of the other libraries. Perhaps an older FA with the affected icons gets loaded instead of the new FA version. I'm e.g. using dbootstrap (a Bootstrap theme for Dojo) which comes with its own FA - which is prefixed with "icon-" instead of "fa-". Deactivating dbootstrap does not solve the problem.
An example snippet that does not work:
<i class="fa fa-archive"></i>
An example that works:
<i class="fa fa-user"></i>
The problem really only appears on Firefox.
I've tried to deactive some other libs and CSS but got stuck in the process.
What is the recommended way to debug such problems?